Research On Educational Practice In Colleges And Universities

Since the beginning of new century, the higher education of china has achieved the shift from elitism to popularization, and it has become the one with the most college students in the world. The call of the time and the expectation of the people are to make people satisfied with education, to enhance the quality and promote scientific development of higher education. And the major missions of universities are to improve the social responsibility in service of the nation and the people, the innovative spirit of exploration, and the practical ability of solving problems. The Chinese Present Mr. Xi Jinping emphasized and indicated:study is the stages for improvement and practice is the mean to strengthen the skills and ability. The youth's quality and ability will generate direct influence on the process of the "Chinese Dream". This view has clearly and deeply clarified the role played by study and practice during the period of young's growth and improvement, it also has become the new guiding ideology to the undergraduates' integrated development which has raised new requirements to the undergraduates' ideological and political education.Colleges and universities are places to cultivate people and educate people. While the practical education is an inevitable requirement to promote the all-round development of students, and an important link to improve the quality of higher education as well. It passes on the fine tradition of unity of knowledge and practice, adheres to the mission of morality education and shows the pattern of higher education. It is of great importance to promote the development of universities, students'growth and development and overall progress of society. In recent years, researches about college practical education have made theoretical achievements. However, in fact, the current practical education in university faces the problems of cognitive deviation, inefficiency of systems and ineffectual effort. At the same time, the theory research also has some weak points. Firstly, the angle of related literature research is single. Secondly, there is so much empirical research that it lacks depth of theory interpretation. Thirdly, it lacks comprehensive study on the function of practical education, especially the educating function. Lastly, it overweights localization study and lacks comparative research. Based on this, this study adopts the methods of literature research, empirical research, comparative study and interdisciplinary study. This study analyzes the concepts of practice, education and practical education, analyzes the intension and theoretical sources of practical education and its plight, achievements and causes. And then, aimed at extending the view of theoretical study, deepening the research of ideological and political education, enhancing the effectiveness and scientific nature of practical education, we put forward the target, form and principle of practical education, and structure the summations of forces to education.Based on literature study, this paper thinks that practical education is the process of promoting students overall development by series of objective, planned and organized activities. It's combined universal practice and educational practice character. At the same time, it not only features in guidance, participation, experience, permeability and comprehensive, but also has the functions of motivation, guidance, edification, influence, education, specification and promotion. And the essential requirement of practical education is promoting all-round development of individual, following the law of growth, embodying the fundamental task of education. Based on this connotation, this paper analyses the world view and epistemology of practical education, the theory of human general development, combination of education and labor, three facades of education and regularities about students growing up though practice. Marx's theory provides the guidance and methods for practical education. Then we analyze the plight, achievements and causes of practical education. In order to analyze the circumstances of practical education, we discuss the chances from the viewpoint of implementation of reform and open, education of all-around development, popularization of morality education and exploring of practical education. We also discuss the challenges form the viewpoint of social utilitarian values, diversification of talent view, informationalized view of learning and market-oriented view of school-running. What's more, this study took teachers and students from universities in Wuhan as the sample. We conducted questionnaire survey from the view of cognition, participation, effect and the security mechanism. The research found that, the cognition of teachers and students about the policy, status and role of practice education becomes ripe; they can participate in practice activities, but the willingness, motivation of participation and involvement are different; the policy, time, money, jobs and security of practical education is guaranteed, but protection mechanism is not perfect. Based on the survey results, we propose the aims to enhance the social responsibility and practical ability of college students, cultivate their spirit of innovation. We take military training, education, voluntary service, social investigation, innovation activities and venture, work-study as the main content of college practical education. We also advocate the principle of combination of teacher-led and students-centered, combination of the first class and the second class, combination of ability cultivation and moral training, combination of inner initiative and external linkage, combination of support and appraisement. At last, in order to ensure the effectiveness and scientificalness of practical education and form the joint effort, this paper proposes sharing, linkage and full participation to structure the synergy mechanism. We also suggest consensus, activities, base and funding to structure the security mechanism. In addition, we suggest experience evaluation for students, guidance of evaluation for teachers and general appraisement for school to structure the evaluation mechanism.