| Academia paid more attention to the series of adverse consequences such as obesity,myopia and cardiovascular disease caused by the decline of physical activity level of adolescents in the world.we used to attribute the decline of adolescent physique to the physical education in school,while ignored the importance of families fostering on adolescents physical activity.Therefore,this study comprehensively and systematically discuss the relationship that family sports environment,exercise motivation and physical activity based on the relative theory,and provide theoretical support and practical guidance for the promotion of adolescents physical activity.This study reviewed measurement tools about the family sports environment,exercise motivation and physical activity in the domestic and foreign through largely reviewing and finishing literature research.In order to accurately measure the variables,study draw up the "Family Sports physical Environment Questionnaire" and "Family Sports behavior Environment Questionnaire " through the transplantation of foreign mature questionnaire and combined with the reality of our country,the two questionnaire was revised through expert evaluation and objectively test.This questionnaire was revised through expert evaluation and objectively test.After the second round of investigation,using confirmatory factor analysis tested the reliability and validity of the questionnaire.After the third round of investigation,using the data collected from the formal questionnaire survey to analyze in depth the relationship between the family sports environment,exercise motivation and physical activity,and showed how the parents of different families affect their children’s physical activity and the process of exercise motivation training.The main study results were as follows:(1)The significance of the five path coefficients between the home sport facilities,the autonomous motive,the external adjustment and the midle and high-intensity physical activity reached a significant level of 0.01;The direct effect value of the family sport facilies on the middle and high-intensity physical activity was 0.172,the effect value that middle and high-intensity physical activity indirectly effected by exercise motive was 0.143.The variance of the interpretation of the family sports facilities on the autonomy motive was 12.8%,and the variance of the interpretation of the family sports facilities on the external adjustment was 4.7%.The variance of the common interpretation of the family sports facilities,the autonomy motive and the external adjustment on the middle and high intensity physical activity was 20.2%.(2)The significance of the eight path coefficients between parental support,the using screen,the screen atmosphere and external regulation,autonomic motivation,middle and high-intensity physical activity reached a significant level of 0.05;the direct effect value of parents support on the middle and high-intensity physical activity was 0.105,the effect value that middle and high-intensity physical activity indirectly effected by exercise motive was 0.136;The effect value that the using screen and the screen atmosphere inderectly effected middle and high-intensity physical activity through exercise motivation were-0.098 and-0.048 respectively.The variance of the interpretation of parental support and the using screen on external regulation was 17.6%.The variance of the interpretation of parental support,the using screen,the screen atmosphere on autonomic motivation was 23.1%.The variance of the common interpretation of parental support,the using screen,the screen atmosphere and external regulation,autonomic motivation on the middle and high intensity physical activity was 18.7%.(3)The significance of the nine path coefficients between the ability expectation,job value,failure psychological cost,job difficulty and external regulation,autonomic motive,middle and high-intensity physical activity reached a significant level of 0.05.The direct effect value of job value on middle and high-physical activity was 0.120,the effect value that middle and high-intensity physical activity indirectly effected by exercise motive was 0.103,The effect value that the ability expectation,failure psychological cost and job difficulty inderectly effected middle and high-intensity physical activity through exercise motivation were 0.105,0.034 and-0.029 respectively.The variance of the interpretation of the ability expectation and job value on external regulation was 14.0%,and the variance of the interpretation of the ability expectation,job value,failure psychological cost,job difficulty on autonomic motive was 27.5%.The variance of the common interpretation of the ability expectation,job value,failure psychological cost,job difficulty and external regulation,autonomic motive on the middle and high intensity physical activity was 19.3%.(4)Case study showed that parents have a clear,specific and diverse sports value faith,the more likely their children participated in more physical activity;Parents take support,encouragement and role-like behavior in terms of children involved in physical activity,the more likely their children participated in more physical activity;Adequate and available family sports physical environment promoted the participation of teenagers’ physical activity;The exercise motivation of athletic teenagers are autonomous,the exercise motivation of Non-athletic adolescents are external regulation;the values beliefs and practical behavior of parents about children involving in physical activity affected the children’s exercise motivation.According to the study results drawn the following conclusions:(1)Adequate and convenient family sport facilities not only ensure that the adolescents participated in more physical activities,but also help the adolescents to improve autonomy motivation level.(2)Parents’ supportive environment(encouragement,example and logistical support)can positively predict the adolescents’ s physical activity,and further stimulate and nurture the adolescents’ autonomy motivation;conversely,the inhibitory environment(screen atmosphere,using screen)provided by parents can negatively effect on the adolescents’ physical activity and autonomy motivation.(3)Parents’ expectations belief and value beliefs about children involving in physical activity affected children’s physical activity participation and exercise motivation.(4)Exercise motivation not only can significantly predict the physical activity of the adolescents,but also play a mediating role between the family sport environment and the adolescents’ physical activities,the family sport environment influenced the the adolescents’ physical activity through exercise motivation,exercise motivation was the internal mechanism of the adolescents participating in physical activity.Research limitation and perspective: This study taked a causal model to explore the causal relationship between variables,but using cross-sectional data essentially reflected the correlation between variables,without a longitudinal study of the dynamic characteristics of students and parents on each variable.In the measurement is taken on the subjective report to obtain data,which lack of objectivity.Future studies should use longitudinal experiment to test the relationship between family sport environment,exercise motivation and physical activity. |
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