| The establishment of Modern University Research Institute of China was not determined by the behavior of the government and the chief executive wills, it was based on the transplantation and imitation foreign university system, it was developed into unique Chinese characteristics of universities research institutions, and is was the inevitable choice of the development law of Chinese higher education. The development course of Chinese Modern University Research Institute also was the process of cultivation Graduate student, the development of science and social service formed and perfected. These functions have promoted the integrity and specification of Chinese educational system, accelerated the autonomy of Chinese academic, enhanced the graduate student cultivation level, promoted the transformation of the modernization of science and technology of China. Research Institute of Chinese modern university is an important part of Chinese higher education, systematizing the development process of Chinese Modern University Research Institute can help us to more comprehensive understanding of the development of higher education of modern China.The development of the Modern University Research Institute of China is not only influenced by political, economic, cultural and other factors, also has its own developing law. In order to study it, we divided the course of Chinese modern university research institute development(1902-1945) into four stages: 1902-1916 was the embryonic stage, 1917-1924 was establishment stage, 1925-1934 was the stage of rapid development, and 1935-1945 was the zigzag of developmen stage. In this thesis, we see the development of Chinese Modern University Research Institute as warp, the functions of specific performance as weft, to clarify the development of the University Research Institute of China, analysis the characteristics of its development, the training graduate student, and the development of science and social service situation.In 1902-1903, Qing Dynasty formulated the “Ren yin Gui mao” educational system which imitated Japan, the regulations on the “Da Xu yuan”and “Tong Ru yuan” marked start of postgraduate education in China, which paved the way for China to introduce modern degree system objectively. In the early years of the Republic of China, the planning for the University Institute in“Ren zi Gui chou” educational system became the sources of the development of University Research Institute, and it created a road for the Chinese graduate education.Limited to the education conditions at that time, these ideas on the establishment of the University Research Institute only stayed in the file, and not really implemented in the practice.In 1917, CAI Yuan pei imitated Germany university institute system, set up humanity Research Institute, Science Research Institute and law Research Institute in Beijing University, which created a precedent of the establishment Research Institute in Modern Chinese University. In 1922, the Peking University Research Institute was established, it became a new era of the development of China's University Research Institute, and played a leading role in the establishment of China's University research institutes. Peking University research Institute training Graduate student through “specializing study”, and actively explored the scientific research methods, through these ways, they made gratifying achievements in Sinology research. At this point, Peking University started to provide some social services, which marked the beginning of social service function of Chinese Modern University Institute.From 1925, the university research institutes and students began to increasing rapidly, the subjects of Research Institute from single to diversity. In the 1930 s, the scale of the University Research Institute has considerably. However, due to the laissez faire of education management department, under the condition of “free” development, it produced the disorder of naming mode and internal organization structure, and the difference qualification of students and the educational system. In view of this, the education Ministry of Republic enacted the “Interim organization rules of University Research Institute” and other rules and regulations, to standardize the setting up of University Research Institute. At this time, the University Research Institute began pay attention to construct the postgraduate training system and establish the graduate enrollment system, curriculum training system, graduation examination system, which innovated and perfected the mechanism of training Graduate student, gradually that formed the localization of graduate student training mode. With the increase of the geographical space distribution of the Research Institute and the growth of the scientific research team,the University Research Institute system was preliminary formed, under these influence,a number of high level scientific research achievements was produced,some important achievements even influenced the world. In the mid of the 1920 s, mutual agitated by the thought trend of “saving the nation by science” and “saving the nation by industry” and social needs, University Research Institute carried out the extensive social services,which established its social service function.Since 1935, the University Research Institute began to enter the zigzag road of developmen. After a brief decline, the number of University Research Institutes and departments began a steady upward. In the early stage of the Anti-Japanese War, the development of University Research Institute was at a standstill. In the needs of Anti-Japanese War and nation building, Ministry of education encourage university Research Institutes to return to work through subsidies, limiting study abroad, improve the status of university research institutes, the number of students increased rapidly and the discipline development tends to balance. In this period, under the supervision of the quality guarantee system, the number of graduate students trained by university research institutes was small, but a number of high-quality talents have emerged. In order to meet the needs of the society, the University Research Institute not only did the pure scientific research, but also paid attention to the research of production of industry and agriculture, they made great contribution to the Anti-Japanese War, the development of industry and agriculture, public health and local cultural undertakings, of course they also achieved the rich and high level research results.Reflecting on the past and revising the development history of Chinese Modern University Research Institute,we not only can know its success or failure, can also inherit the excellent traditional spirit and to present enlightenment through investigating the situation of training, developing science and social service. |
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