Flexibility Under Constraints: County Government Education Governance

Promoting education governance capacity and effectiveness are the main tasks of Chinese basic education reform in the coming period. Focusing on this subject, researchers kept on exploring and comparing the theory and practice, the society and education, the past and present,the daily and reformation of Chinese basic education reform, and explored basic education governance in an elocutionary way. This paper attempts to the real picture of education system that blending in our society, and presents the whole image of daily education governance and reformation in mainland China. And also, this paper tries to explore the deeper hidden historical and social-structural reasons, and then make attempts to construct a kind of local education governance theory.In the process of exploring how country-level education is governed, this paper focused on the whole real world of the process of education governance practice on a social theory of that constructional relationship can expand and restrict action. On the basis of existing governance theories and education governance studies, I insisted that the government plays a dominant role in country-level governance, thus education governance means government manage education.Based on research above, this paper compared different stages and individual cases to construct a interpretation model that within historical tracing and type comparison as its logical framework.To be specifically, this paper firstly analyzed the natural economy condition and social development level of sample country, and explicitly described the modernization process of administration institution, knowledge framework and social functions based on the records and education history of Zhong country since modern times. Through the analysis of imperial examination system and Confucianism of late Qing Dynasty, the frequently reformation in republican period, the perennial with expansion and reorganization of republic, this chapter portrayed the tendency of macroscopical development and features in different stages, and explored the weak economic foundation and other facts that restricted education development of Zhong country, and the strategies that all previous governments implemented. The second chapter studied the core of education governance in Zhong country and concealed its historical development by concluding three governance systems of simplicity governance old-new transition governance and detailed governance. And also, analyzed the governance system of today's basic education by studying school class system, decentralized governance of executive,school-teacher-student alliance and group rivalry strategies. The third chapter analyzed the process of education governance in Zhong country, and took everyday education governance and education reformation governance as main talks and subordinate talks in recent days to implement process observation. This kind of observation can show the organization structure, governance aim,governance process and the complication of governance effect evaluation. And also, we can find the same economy and social conditions, political economy foundation that everyday education governance and education reformation governance faced. Furthermore, we found that the similar working mechanism and the ever present alternative phenomenon in governance behavior. Thus,this paper realized the duration of education governance from history to current, and show the of sequence of history development and complication of governance. In the meantime, this paper completed the comparison between different stages of history transformation , and the comparison of two different types of education governance. Based on all these analysis, the fifth chapter explained the inner logic of education governance in Zhong country by analyzing the natural and social economy foundation, the centralized political economy, limited financial condition and multiple development missions, the flexible governance strategies of government, the dilemma of supply exceeding demand in human resource, the methods and effect of education reform,education sequence and survival strategies. And also, this paper re-examined the governance theories and education governance studies based on experience of Zhong country.Lastly, this thesis put out two basic propositions based on comparison of governance features in differernt times. One of which is that the power of a nation and the type of a nation's education governance is positively related. It means when the power of a nation is weak, it is more likely to choose a contracted education govenance, otherwise it prefers sophisticated governance.The second proposition is that the scarcity of governance aim and the measurable of governance effect are negatively related with the probability of transformation in governance process. It means when the scarcity of governance aim is high and the measurable of governance effect is poor,education governance is more likely to transform, otherwise the situation is different. Based on all above research, this paper insisted that the way of country-level education governance is restricted by many conditions and is under transformation.