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Performance Of Multi-domains Risk-taking Behaviors Of Ethnic Minority College Students And Its Influence Mechanism Of Personality,Gene And Cognitive Processes Style

Posted on:2018-11-15Degree:DoctorType:Dissertation
Country:ChinaCandidate:C ZhangFull Text:PDF
GTID:1317330518979571Subject:National psychology and national education
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Previous studies have conducted an influence model consisted of personality trait,cognitive neuroscience,genetics and condition feature of risk-taking behaviors.But,those researchers have regarded risk-taking behavior as a one-dimensional construct over the past few decades,so the influence model based on those studies couldn't give a more overall and reasonable explanation to individual's multi-domain risk-taking behaviors performance.In reality,individuals do not respond consistently to different risky situations in real life,so risk-taking behavior is a multi-domain model that is influenced by characteristics of the person,characteristics of the situation and the interaction between these two factors rather than being influenced by a single personality trait(Figner&Weber,2011).In that case,in view of domain-specific risk-taking,related impact factor of personality of risk-taking behavior which founded in previous study would show different influence effects across different risk-taking domains(social,recreational,financial,health/safety and ethical).At the factor of ethnic,different ethnic groups and cultures has different cognitive style and behavior pattern related to risk-taking,thus lead to the ethnic differences on risk-taking behaviors across domains.Traditional Chinese culture and mainstream influence Islam when it was introduced to China,so Islam in China has its own local and regional characteristics,shows the differences or similarities with Confucianism.In that case,the cognition of social,recreational,financial,health/safety and ethical risk-taking behavior would be different on ethnic-minority group which influenced by Islam idea compared with Han nationality,reveals of the ethnic differences in risk-taking behavior domain,the influence mechanisms of personality would be vary by ethnic group.Besides,for the genetic factor of risk-taking,studies have confirmed that,the same target gene also has different relationship with risk-taking behaviors.These results indicated that there is different genetic basis behind risk-taking domain.And the gene-behavior interactions could be different from gender,ethnic,personality and different cognition process.As a matter of fact,different genotype would be induced high risk-taking behavior in emotional processing conditions,revealed a gene-environment interaction on risk-taking behaviors.The performance of risk-taking behavior would be different in affective or deliberative situations influenced by genotypes related to risk-taking behavior which proved in previous studies.Therefore,it is necessary to investigate the influence of gene-environment interactions on risk-taking behavior across different ethnic groups,to clarify the genetic effect is steady and coincident or would interacts with environment on individual's risk-taking behavior.In the meantime,whether this gene-environment interaction is coincident across ethnic groups is also need to further examination.Thus,this study tried to investigate the influence mechanism of specified-domain risk-taking behaviors based on personality,genetic and cognitive processes factors.This study consisted of three parts:Study 1 investigated personality influences of domain-specific risk-taking across ethnic groups.College students of Uighurs,Hui and Han nationality were selected as subjects,using the Domain-Specific Risk-taking Scale which conclude five dimensions as measurement,evaluated various types of impulsivity and sensation seeking at the same time,in order to analysis the personality influence factor and its relationship with risk-taking behaviors on different domains and its ethnic characteristics.Results showed that:(1)The effect of sex was significant.Males' risk taking was significantly higher than females in health/safety(p<0.001,?p2=0.066),ethical(p<0.001,?p2=0.052),recreational(P<0.001,?p2=0.098),financial(p<0.01,?p2=0.027),and total score(p<0.001,?p2?0.062);(2)There was significant ethnic characteristic in domain-specific risk-taking of college students,the health/safety(p<0.05)and recreational(p=0.073)risk-taking behavior of Uighurs was higher than Hui and Han groups,there's no significant differences between Hui and Han subjects;(3)The personality influence of college students in health/safety,financial,ethical and social risk-taking showed significant ethnic differences,boredom susceptibility is the significant predictor variable of recreational risk-taking behavior,and consistent among ethnic groups.Study 2 started from the view of genetic influence,selected rs1800497,rs1079597,rs6323 and rs4680 as target SNP to investigated the genetic factors of multi-domains risk-taking in different ethnic minority college students,results showed that:(1)The relationship between different SNP types and multi-domains risk-taking are different:the main effect of genetic factors(rs4680)in ethical(p<0.05,?p2=0.043),health/safety(p<0.001,?p2=0.152)and social risk-taking(p<0.01,?p2=0.062)was significant,Met/Met showed high risk-taking performance than Val/Val.The genetic main effects of rs1800497?rs1079597 were only significant in ethical(p<0.05,?p2 0.063;p=0.063,?p2= 0.040)and recreational(p<0.05,?p2=0.049;p=0.063,?p2=0.040)risk-taking domain,suggested that the relationship and influence of genotype in social,recreational,financial,health/safety and ethical risk-taking domain is different.(2)The interaction of genotype and ethnic groups was significant in recreational and ethical risk-taking domain,showed that the performance of risk-taking behavior is different among ethnic groups even has the same genotype,and interaction is different across five risk-taking domains.Study 3 aimed to investigate the interaction of gene-environment of risk-taking behavior,with subjects who has been analyzed SNP type in study 2.Consider of some gene would show high-risk performance in affective situation,this study measured risky decision making performance in affective and deliberative situation of Columbia card task,to clarify the interaction of gene-Environment on risk-taking behaviors and its ethnic and gene disparities.Results showed that:(1)The risk-taking behavior in different genotype and cognitive processes situations is different.The SNP of COMT,MAOA which involved in emotional adjustment and emotional arousal has different risk-taking performance in affective processes situation;(2)The risk-taking behavior in different genotype and cognitive processes situations are different.The SNP of COMT,MAOA which involved in emotional adjustment and emotional arousal has different risk-taking performance in affective processes situation;(3)The influence of genetic factors on risk-taking behavior is moderated by individual and situation factors,has different performance in different groups and environments.This study reached following conclusions:(1)Risk-taking behaviors among five domains are different between ethnic and gender groups;The Uighurs showed higher risk-taking on healthy/safety and recreation domains than Hui and Han nationality;(2)Personality showed different impact effect among different risk-taking domains,and those relationships were different between ethnic groups;(3)There are different relationships between Gene and multi-domains risk-taking behaviors.rs4680 is related to the risk-taking of healthy/safety,ethical and social domains;rs1800497 and rs1079597 is related to recreation and ethical risk-taking behaviors;(4)Risk-taking behaviors are impacted by different cognitive processing.Individuals behaved high risk-taking under reasoning processing condition.This condition is more sensitive to investigated the characteristics of gender,ethnic and other individual differences;There are different relationship between genotype and risk-taking behaviors under different cognitive processing conditions.The SNP related to emotion regulation,emotion arousal function,such as COMT and MAOA is related to the risk-taking behaviors under the emotional processing condition,showed a Gene-Environment interaction influence on risk-taking behaviors.
Keywords/Search Tags:risk-taking behaviors, ethnic minority college students, psychological mechanisms, personality factor, single nucleotide polymorphism, cognition process style
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