Unity And Diversity-the Study On The Entrance Examination System Of Japan’s National University After World War Ⅱ

Japan is one of the higher education world powers,owns many national university with a long history and strong strength.As the dominant force in the development of higher education,the national university of Japan not only bear the important task of training advanced talents,promote the scientific research,but also for the ensure entrance equal opportunity and safeguard citizen by the mission of education fairness.Since the post-war Japanese national university is committed to the recruitment of students test system reform unceasingly,in order to seek to achieve fair,reasonable and scientific selection of talents and the quality of education fairness and security.After the postwar democratized reform since seventy years of development,the national university of Japan eventually formed a distinctive national unified examination combined with university autonomous test compound the recruitment of students test system.The compound entrance exam system not only implements the recruitment of students test well unification and personalized fusion;but also effectively take into account the interests of all parties,such as the university,high school and students,for the healthy and orderly development of domestic higher education has played a positive role.For the Japanese national university entrance exam system evolution course systematic and in-depth analysis,and its reform on the basis of summary and induction,characteristics and problems of development,to our country the current implementation of the college entrance examination system reform has important inspiration and reference.This thesis in pre-war Japan high school entrance exam system,on the basis of investigation of Japan’s post-war national university of complex formation and the recruitment of students test system reform and the development course.The evolution course is divided into exploration,formation and development three stages.From the year of 1950 s to 1970 s is the postwar Japan’s national college entrance exam system of exploration stage.Early postwar,the Japanese in the United States under the auspices of radical reform and reconstruction of education system,restructuring and create a new system of small,medium and university.On this basis,the national university of Japan started to build new attempt and explore the recruitment of students test system.In terms of university autonomy examination,Japan national university to take the exam course selection system and partial test Ⅰ,Ⅱ period,to safeguard the rights and interests of the examinee and increase the chance of admission.Although these measures were cancelled,after the university autonomy exam reform had a profound impact.The national university of the year of 1970 s to 1980 s for the post-war Japanese compound formation stage of the recruitment of students test system.On the basis of summing up the experience on the stage,Japan in the early 1970 s began brewing at the national university entrance exam system reform.In this period,Japan established the independent state unified exam institution-college entrance examination center,and in 1979 formally implement "at the national university of common test" for the first time.At the same time,allow universities in small paper,recommended entrance exam to select personalized,diversified talents.Since the 1990 s,Japan’s national college entrance exam system has entered the phase of diversified reform.Temporary education based on Japanese council on the reform of the report,released in the 1980 s,Japan in the postwar "education reform" for the third time.The national college entrance exam system becomes the focus of the education reform.First of all,the national university of the common examination for the first time changed its name to “college entrance examination center”,and through the reform of exam course selection scope and method of use,realizes the diversification of the unified state examination and flexible development.Second,universities independent examinations further develop in the direction of diversification and individuation.In addition to routine examinations and recommended entrance way,but also rise the university admissions office the selection of the way,allow each university creative,independent design recruiting methods and standards,in order to better realize the personalization,the selection of innovative talents.This period of Japan’s national college entrance exam system reform efforts have been in use today.Postwar Japan national university entrance exam to form the national unified examination combined with university independent examination of basic system,in addition,also presents the admission examination way from single to diversity,opportunity and way to continue to increase,etc.However,Japan’s national college entrance exam in the unified state examination and university autonomy and so on also exposed some problems.In-depth analysis of postwar Japan,the evolution of the national university entrance exam,summarize its historical experience and lesson for our country the current implementation of the university entrance exam system reform to provide reference.