Research On The Experimental Questions Of National College Entrance Xamination Physics Paper In Recent Ten Years Based On The Evaluation System Of College Entrance Examination

As a channel connecting basic education and higher education,college entrance examination undertakes many important functions,such as evaluating the quality of education and selecting talents.In order to meet the needs of the development of the times for talents,a new round of college entrance examination reform was launched in2014.As of September 15 th,2022,the Ministry of Education has guided 29 provinces to start this round of college entrance examination reform in five batches.In order to guide the reform of college entrance examination content and proposition work,in2019,the Examination Center of the Ministry of Education promulgated the "China College Entrance Examination Evaluation System",which can be summarized as "one core,four layers and four wings".Each discipline interprets it based on its characteristics,and explores the implementation path of the college entrance examination evaluation system in each discipline.In physics,Cheng Li and Li Yong scientifically constructed the functional orientation,examination content,examination requirements and examination carrier of physics examination based on the college entrance examination evaluation system,which provided a reference for the application of the college entrance examination evaluation system in physics.Physics experiment questions are the compulsory content of college entrance examination physics,which plays an important role in the examination of students’ core literacy and key abilities.The highlighted examination direction and characteristics also play a guiding and reference role in physics teaching practice and the life system of college entrance examination physics experiment questions under the background of the new college entrance examination.Therefore,this paper takes the experimental title of the National College Entrance Examination of Physics from 2013 to 2022 as the research object,and takes the "one core,four layers and four wings" in the evaluation system of college entrance examination as the theoretical basis,and analyzes the experimental questions of college entrance examination of physics in recent ten years by using the methods of literature research,content analysis and statistical analysis.Firstly,the basic information of the test questions is analyzed to understand the location,examination plate,score,number of questions,types of questions,experimental nature and number of charts of the experimental questions;Secondly,based on the college entrance examination evaluation system,the necessary knowledge,key ability,subject accomplishment,examination requirements and examination situation of the examination questions are analyzed to explore the examination characteristics and present situation of the college entrance examination physics experiment questions;Finally,according to the conclusion of this study and the opinions in the new college entrance examination evaluation system,some suggestions are put forward for the proposition of physics experiment questions in college entrance examination and teachers’ physics teaching.Based on the analysis of the basic information of the examination questions,it is found that:(1)the national examination paper of physics for college entrance examination examines 22 and 23 experimental questions every year,including one mechanical experiment question and one electrical experiment question;(2)The total score of the two experimental questions is 15,and the score of 23 questions is higher than that of 22 questions;In terms of the number of questions,the number of questions examined in each experiment ranges from 2 to 8,and the number of questions examined in 3 is the largest;(3)In terms of types of questions,fill-in-the-blank questions are the most,drawing questions are few,multiple-choice questions and short-answer questions are the least,and drawing questions are mainly examined in electrical experiments;(4)In terms of experimental nature,the survey experiments are the most,the exploratory experiments are few,and the verifiability is the least,only four times;(5)The experimental questions are illustrated with pictures and texts,and 96% of the questions are illustrated with 1-4 pictures.In the analysis of the test questions based on the evaluation system of college entrance examination,it is found that:(1)as for the necessary knowledge,the module,content theme,experimental purpose and knowledge points of the experimental questions are analyzed.The results show that the necessary knowledge of the experimental questions is mainly concentrated in the compulsory and optional compulsory modules in the curriculum standard,among which the compulsory modules are more investigated,and both the mechanical experimental questions and the electrical experimental questions have experimental purposes and knowledge points of high frequency examination;(2)In terms of subject accomplishment,scientific thinking and scientific inquiry have the most questions,followed by physical concepts,while scientific attitudes and responsibilities are the least.On the level of core literacy,Level 4 has the highest frequency,followed by Level 2 and Level 3,which have the same frequency,while Level 1 and Level 5 have the lowest frequency.(3)In terms of key abilities,the experimental questions pay attention to the examination of reasoning ability and experimental inquiry ability,and the examination frequency of innovation ability is the lowest,and the model construction ability is only involved in mechanical experimental questions;(4)In terms of examination requirements,comprehensive examination requirements account for the highest proportion,accounting for 46.8%,followed by foundation,accounting for37.5%,and innovation and application account for a relatively low proportion,of which innovation accounts for 10.6% and application is the lowest,accounting for only 5.1%;(5)In terms of test questions,the number of test questions in learning and exploration situations is far more than that in life practice situations,only production and life are examined,while in learning and exploration situations,scientific exploration questions are the most,with 33 questions,while curriculum standard textbooks are few and physics history is the least,with only 4 questions.The results show that the richness of experimental questions needs to be strengthened;The examination of various elements of core literacy is unbalanced,the examination of scientific attitude and responsibility needs to be strengthened,and the examination of questioning and innovation elements in scientific thinking and problems and communication elements in scientific inquiry is insufficient;Lack of examination of innovation ability;Pay attention to basic and comprehensive examination requirements,but pay less attention to innovation and application;The test questions are not rich enough,and they focus on practical exploration situations,but less on life practice situations.Based on the analysis results of experimental questions,this paper puts forward four suggestions for teachers’ physics teaching: studying curriculum standards,emphasizing key points and attaching importance to difficulties;Pay attention to the cultivation of students’ hands-on experimental ability and strengthen the use of basic experimental instruments;Reasonable design of teaching content,focusing on cultivating students’ thinking and ability;Excavate the characteristics of test questions and cultivate students’ ability to use knowledge flexibly to solve problems.This paper puts forward four suggestions on the life system of physics experiment questions in college entrance examination: enriching the examination questions;Balanced examination of core literacy;Strengthen the examination of innovation ability;Pay attention to situation creation.