A Research On The History Of Modern Chinese Experimental Schools

Experimental primary school is a kind of school built to adapt to the testament and creation of new education methods,during the educational and cultural exchange between China and western world.Experimental primary school is not only the main carrier of modern Chinese education experimental activities,but also the birthplace of new education theory and method,which makes it the main force of modern China's elementary education reform.Experimental primary school in modern Chinese history,green shoots in the late Qing and early republic,and arose in the new culture movement period,and institutionalized in the early periods of Nanking National Government,and twisted in the periods of Anti-Japanese War,in order to meet the need of wartime.This paper discusses the generation and development of Chinese modern experimental primary school,and lists the typical experimental primary schools,in order to vividly reappear the education experimental activities in modern China.During the first 15 years of the 20 th century,the thought of education experiment enlightened in China,which embodied in quality of "science",to response to the introduction and spreading of the theory and method of Experimental Pedagogy,and also embodied in the quality of “practice”,to response to the needing of accumulation and arrangement of pedagogical experience.The former was born in Europe,and the later was rooted in local China.The interchanging and fusion of both ideas paved the way for the generation of experimental schools in modern China.In this setting,the new primary schools and the primary schools that affiliated to normal schools which were set to take the task of education internship training can be seen as the bud of the experimental primary school in modern China.The decade from 1916 to 1926,is the advancing period of experimental primary school in modern China.In domestic,in order to response to the call of the New Culture Movement,educational circles actively committed to the construction of democratic and scientific education.In abroad,educational experiments were vigorously developing,new methods and new theory were booming.During the exchanging and integration of education between China and the western world,the empirical philosophy of education,the scientific methods of educational experiments,as so as the idea of building specialized primary schools for educational experiments were advocated and worshiped in Chinese educational circles.In this setting,some new primary schools were built with the main tenet of “Experiment”,such as Beijing Comet School.At the same time,the affiliated primary schools attached to the normal schools were generally set up.Beside took the task of suppling place for normal students' educational internship,those affiliated primary schools engaged in the introduction,testing and popularizing of western education methods,and also started to use the scientific method to carry out the small problem experiments.The Primary School Affiliated to Southeast University is the excellent representative of this kind of experimental schools.The advancing of experimental primary schools,promotes China's modern education experimental movement into the first climax,and also make the new education reform of China the important composition of the international new education movement.During the ten years from 1927 to 1936,China's experimental primary school tend to institutionalization.In 1927,the education department in Jiangsu province take the lead of reorganizing the affiliated primary schools into experimental primary schools,and also enacting related laws to define the property,the function,the organization,as so as the teachers and funds of experimental primary schools.After that,the name of “experimental schools” is well known,and the activity of building all types of experimental schools at all levers is taken place all across the country.At the same time,the education administrative authority emphasizes that the quality of experimental primary school is more important than the quantity of it,hence reinforce the management and supervise of the setstandars and school-running capacities of experimental primary schools,and set up specialized agencies to take the comprehensive arrangement job of planning and carrying out of educational experiments.In addition to the provincial experimental primary schools of Jiangsu province,other famous experimental primary schools are: Shanghai Municipal No.1 Experimental School,which engaged in genius education experiment,and Jiangning Country Yanziji Experimental School,which tests life education theory and methods,as so as the functioning of taking the primary school as the center to build a new village,and Dahuayuan Experimental Primary School built by Education Department of Henan,to carry out the compulsory education experiments,and Xiamen University Experimental Primary school,which takes the curriculum criterion experience under the commandment of the Ministry of Education.During the war time from 1937 to 1949,the developing of experimental primary school is twisted.The outbreak of the Anti-Japanese War changed the normal development of the experimental primary school in modern China.In order to adapt to the Overall-Anti-Japanese strategy,the national government promulgated the wartime education plan,claiming that school education should be combine normal education and special training in wartime,thus gear to wartime needs.In the field of elementary education,National Education System is issued.In order to test this system,and to experiment appropriate methods to accomplish this educational policy,under the projection and planning of the Ministry of Education,some designated areas conducts national education experiments.The setup of national education experimental area,is the extension of the building of experimental primary school,because of the specialization of the function of the primary school.The No.1 National Education Experimental Area‘s experimental activities makes a helpful exploration on how to carry out the national education in primary school.