| Higher education in our country has developed at a rapid speed in recent years,bearing the important tasks in providing billions of innovative talents for various regions of China,innovating on science and technology and inheriting on culture.Under the “new normal” background,this dissertation intends to discuss the colleges and universities` contribution to the regional economic growth in the past decade(after the enrollment expansion of universities)and how to adjust the development of colleges and universities in the future to the requirements of the regional development,which is of much significance in theory and practice.The study takes the human capital theory,views of system theory,and thoughts of synergetic theory,regional competitiveness theory and unbalanced development theory as the theoretical basis.On the basis of theoretical analysis,this article classifies the colleges and universities' contribution to the regional economic growth into three main modules(talents cultivation,scientific research production and cultural construction)from the perspective of the main function of higher education,and carries out the theoretical analysis on its respective contribution contents and policy implications in the subsequent chapters.Combined with the higher education's input and output data in talents cultivation,scientific research and culture as well as relevant materials in economic growth,industry development,scientific and technological progress and cultural development in various provinces,the study focuses on the descriptive analysis and qualitative analysis on the colleges and university's contribution to the regional economic development.Furthermore,with the help of quantification model,it conducts a quantitative research on the colleges and universities' contribution in various provinces of China to the regional economic growth.Finally,the comprehensive contribution reslult can be achieved by melting three kinds of colleges and universities' contribution results together.On the basis of the cluster analysis,coordination and spatial dependence,the dissertation elaborates the coordination status between the higher education and the regional economic growth.The research results show that: 1)Overall,colleges and universities contributed insufficiently to the economic growth though it has a huge potential.From 2000 to 2013,the contribution rate of education to the economic growth is 28.96%,whereas the contribution rate of the talent cultivation in colleges and universities to the economic growth accounts for 17.83%.It can be concluded that the overall level is not high.Technological advancement of colleges and universities enormously accounts for 60.34% of total,while the technological advancement rate from departments outside colleges and universities accounts for 33.93%.Scientific production in colleges and universities has contributed 9.01% to the economic growth,whereas the contribution of scientific production to the economic growth from departments outside colleges and universities is 6.86%.Colleges and universities play the vital role in the development of science and technology.Although abundant scientific progress has been achieved,there is a long way to transform and marketize the scientific results.The scientific and technological contribution from colleges and universities to the economic growth is potential.The cultural development's contribution index of colleges and universities to the regional cultural industry development lies between 0.05 ~ 1.3,which means cultures of universities have a great and direct contributions to the regional culture industry and stimulate the development of the third industry and economic growth indirectly.2)Judging from the internal coordination of contribution,an uncoordinated internal development among colleges and universities remains significant from three main modules.Generally,internal development between talent cultivation and cultural construction is relatively coordinated among colleges and universities in different municipalities and provinces,while development in scientific production is not in keeping with development of talent cultivation and culture construction.Combined with the results of cluster analysis,talent cultivation and cultural construction rank at only medium or low levels to the regional economic growth in the majority of provincial colleges and universities.On the contribution of scientific production,the number of colleges and universities that ranks high,middle and low level is basically same.The comprehensive contribution of over half of the colleges and universities maintain a low level.Specifically,only colleges and universities in Beijing and Shanghai enjoys an overall coordinated development,belonging to high level,those in Jiangsu,Zhejiang,Tianjin,Jilin,Liaoning,Heilongjiang,Hubei maintains relatively coordinated development,basically belonging to high or medium level,others slightly uncoordinated,several significantly uncoordinated,such as Guangdong enjoying a high or low contribution rate.3)Judging from the coordination status of colleges and universities' contribution between regions,scientific production among colleges and universities in different municipalities and provinces strikes the most imbalanced development,followed by culture,while gaps among talents cultivation is the smallest.The comprehensive contribution level of colleges and universities is obviously unbalanced,appearing the decreasing trend among eastern,middle and western region.The result is positively correlated with regional economic growth,and hasn't shown any significant changes over the last ten years.Generally,the contribution of colleges and universities in middle-level municipalities and provinces doesn't show strong momentum,schools in several less-developed municipalities and provinces make more contribution,such as Sichuan,Xinjiang possessing a middle level contribution.According to the results of spatial relationship analysis,the numbers of high-high or low-low types are slightly more than others,among them 7 belong to low-low types.The polarization effect of regional economic development still exerts an obvious impact on the development of colleges and universities.The gradient process is neither smooth nor obvious,and only several municipalities and provinces in the western region show sudden emergence.4)According to the coordination status between colleges(and universities,following omitted.)and region on the result of contribution,14 municipalities and provinces in the middle and eastern region strike a relatively coordinated condition between colleges and economic growth;6 weakly coordinated;5 slightly uncoordinated.The uncoordinated relationship between the development of colleges and regional economy growth in other municipalities and provinces has two types.One is like Beijing,Shanghai going far beyond others,while the other is like Inner Mongolia and Qinghai where colleges are extremely lag behind.Over the last 10 years,the development of colleges had basically gone hand in hand with regional development,and the overall situation of national coordination has been in normal distribution.With the empirical results and conclusions above,the following suggestions are given: 1)Improve the contribution rate of colleges and enhance regional competitiveness.Firstly,in terms of teaching,we should stick to the principle of improving the quality of personnel training,building up awareness that mass entrepreneurship and innovation should be the core ability of future talents,and increasing efficient use of resources and attaching more importance to connotation.In terms of scientific production,we should enrich ways of industry-university-research cooperation in scientific production in colleges,improve the market transformation mechanism of scientific production results;accelerate the conversion rate and utilization ratio of scientific research achievements in Chinese colleges.In terms of cultural development,colleges should establish in batches cultural innovation centers,and cultural development centers,strengthening industry-university-research cooperation with social and cultural industries;set up more disciplines related with cultural industry and cultural management,and provide enough cultural outcomes and human capital to meet the needs of social and cultural industries.Secondly,Economic growth in the western region makes greater contribution to education.We should start with increasing resource input and policy support,increasing support for higher education in western regions through project cooperation,mutual help,and more financial investment to secure a more balanced development between higher education and regional growth.Thirdly,we should adjust the convergence of school orientations and academic structures,attaching more importance to classification rather than stratification,promoting the coordinated development of higher education structure and industrial structure,and adapt to the economic new normal.2)Speed up the supply-side reform of higher education,optimizing the resources allocation of higher education between regions,sticking to the way of efficient connotation of development and optimize the cultivation of talents from incremental development to optimal development.3)Build higher education based on local resources and endowment and subordinate to the needs of overall national strategic planning;establish higher education alliance with distinctive features to better coordinate with regional development. |
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