Study On Practice Education Mechanism In Schools Of Higher Education

Practice education is an essential part and effective approach of Ideological and Political Education in schools of higher education.At the present,the role of practice has become more and more prominent in talent training,however,the mechanism construction and implementation of practice education still needs to be improved.More thorough theoretic study of its constructional characteristics and operating rules is necessary,so as to optimize its top-level design,institutional arrangements,realization approaches,to enhance coordination among the component units of the mechanism,and to improve its effectiveness and efficiency.This study has Marxist View of Practice and Coordination Theory as its theoretic basis.Marxist Views of Practice hold that practice is the source and basis of understanding,and the development of practice activities further enhances understanding.Practice activities not only provide material basis to the development of the society,but also reform the thinking of practice subjects and optimize their understanding.People gain knowledge through direct and indirect experiences,however,it is through practice that indirect experiences can be turned into personal knowledge.The education policy of the Communist Party of China and the growth pattern of people indicate that a person needs to know himself,practice his abilities and improve himself through practice activities before he can be of real use to the society.University students can,through practice activities such as teaching practice,research experiment,social practice,volunteer service and military training,combine theory with practice,examine their understanding and judgement,follow the rules and trends of practice,and carry out self education and mutual education.As a result of these,they can internalize as their own awareness and needs the qualities required by the society such as knowledge requirements,values,political views,ethical codes,and in performance,actively put these internalized qualities into action,thus reaching perfect combination of knowledge and action and development in an all-round manner.This study on practice education mechanism in schools of higher education mainly consists of four parts: Part One,Theoretic Basis of this mechanism.This part systematically analyzes the historical development framework of practice education theories in China,and explains the basic concepts and theoretical ground of practice education in schools of higher education.In essence,practice education means to guide young students to the correct direction of personal development.It aims to train students into talents with social responsibility,innovation spirit and practice ability,so that they,with all-round development t in morality,intelligence,physique and art,can be qualified future builders and successors of the socialist cause.The practice education mechanism is the construction relationship and operating mode of composing elements.It reflects the understanding of the basic concepts of practice education and the main functions of its composing elements,which are necessary to ensure the effectiveness and efficiency of practice education in schools of higher education.However,in constructing this mechanism of practice education,guidelines such as subject-centeredness,guiding,synthesizing and systemization should be followed,and the tendency of instrumentalization of the practice subject should be avoided.Part Two,Construction of three mechanisms of practice education,namely Dynamic mechanism,Operation mechanism and Evaluation mechanism.Among these three,Dynamic mechanism is the basis and core,Operation mechanism is the main body and guarantee,and Evaluation mechanism is the system for promotion and perfection.These three mechanisms are independent but complementary systems.The mechanism of practice education is an eco-system of internal and external interaction.The dynamic mechanism mainly focuses on the internal and external driving forces of practice subjects.Internal driving force refers to the subjective demand of practice subjects,mainly reflected as their imperfection,growth needs and personality development needs,and how this subjective demand is actively put into full play.The external driving force,on the other hand,are the demand of the changing surrounding physical conditions,mainly reflected as the innovative development of the mechanism,the optimization of the structure of talent supply,and the important mission of ideological and political education in colleges and universities.Practice education should follow four principles,namely dialectical unity of internal and external driving force,dialectical unity of initiativity and passivity of human beings,respect for human needs,and conversion of driving forces into passion for education on the part of young students.Operation mechanism is the main body of the whole mechanism,and key to the efficiency,quality and development of practice education,since it decides the content system and its inner relationship.Thus,operation mechanism should,under the condition of coordination among the four elements of practice that are subject,object,content and environment,focus on the order parameter of talent training,and set up a complete closed-loop operation system composed of five aspects including conceptual leading,top-level design,organization and implementation,feedback and evaluation as well as improvement and perfection.At the practice subject level,a spiral cycling process of “value judgement” to “fact judgement” and to “value judgement” should be established.According to dimensions of value judgement and fact judgement,the practice subjects can be classified as unsatisfied,satisfied,low-efficiency,high-efficiency,which is basically in accordance to the operation mechanism.At the organizing level,a basic operation model of “the school taking a leading role,multiple parties participating,integration of resources encouraged,advantages of different parties complementing each other,coordination among all parties enhanced,innovation leading to win-win situation” is formed.In the meantime,based on five basic principles of being purposeful and regular,general and specific,synthetic and scientific,systematic and developmental,timely and accurate,an evaluation mechanism of practice education should be constructed from five dimensions including evaluation process,evaluation content,evaluation method,evaluation indexes and evaluation outcome.This mechanism should follow the basic concepts of hierarchical analysis methods,and establish a system of quantitative indexes,so as to reach a closed-loop effect and to promote the long-term healthy development of practice education in schools of higher education.Part Three,Empirical studies of the mechanism.According to the categorization of research universities,teaching and research universities,and teaching universities,a university representative of each category is selected.Empirical studies are carried out in each of these three universities,with case studies of innovation and entrepreneurship education in a problem-oriented approach.Results show that serious problems exist in interplay of internal and external driving forces,coordination of internal and external elements,system construction and operation,evaluation and feedback,and blame can be put on serious shortage in factors such as theoretic research and guidance,role of party organization and implementation supervision.Part Four,Innovative development of the mechanism.The development of the future society will inevitably bring both new opportunities and challenges to practice education.Schools of higher education should use the five major development concepts to enhance the quality of practice education,and play an active role in constructing a research mode of multidisciplinary perspective,in combining active education principles into dynamic mechanism,in setting up a flexible open and shared operation mechanism,and in establishing a multidimensional and dynamic evaluation mechanism.To summarize,the study of practice education mechanism in schools of higher education should follow the theoretic guidance of Marxism,investigate the theoretic research from an interdisciplinary perspective,and construct a research pattern for practice education.Problem-oriented approaches should be taken,characteristics of the times should be considered,systematic and frontier problems in real practice should be noted,with an aim to promote the innovative development of practice education mechanism and to enhance the level and quality of talent training through practice education in colleges and universities.