| Transformation,as the most distinctive feature of contemporary China,it is the macro background and theme of China's education reform and development.The economic structure has been initially established with the ownership structure of the public ownership as the main body and the various ownership economic components since the reform and opening up.The mode of resource allocation has changed,from the traditional planning administrative mode to the market mechanism,and the basic allocation of the role of the market has begun to play.The changes in the economic field require that education must be adapted to it,so as to promote the transformation of the system and mechanism of education.As an important part of the national education,high school education plays a important role between the preceding and the following,which is connected with higher education and the compulsory education.High school education not only has a very important value to strengthen the popularization of compulsory education development level and improve the quality of the development of higher education,but also has a very important significance to enhance the overall national quality,across the “middle-income trap”,implement the strategy of “China Manufacturing 2025”,achieve the transformation from a large human resources to a power one.All countries in the world are developing high school education,and treat it as a strategic objective and a breakthrough in the talent training in the twenty-first Century.However,in the course of education development in our country,high school education has not been given deserved attention,and it is always surviving and developing in the gap between compulsory education and higher education.Accompanied by national economic development and social transformation,people's understanding of education has also developed a profound change.The acceptance of high-level and high-quality education has become a necessity in people's lives.People's diversified and individualized educational needs put forward serious challenges to the existing high school education system and personnel training mode.Coupling with the adjustment of economic structure and the upgrading of industrial economy to the demand of various talents,it forces the transformation of the traditional school running system to modern diversification,open education system.Since the promulgation of decision on the reform of the educational system in 1985,the reform of school running system has been more than thirty years.Although it has made great achievements,the effect of the reform is still unsatisfactory,which forces people to reflect on: What are the difficulties encountered in the reform of the general high school running system which lead to make a litter progress? What is the mechanism of the transformation? How to further promote the next stage of the reform under the background of social transformation and so on? It is of great significance to carry out in-depth exploration of these problems,and promote the reform of higher education system and enrich the reform and development of high school education.According to the logic from what to why to how,the study takes general high school education as the research domain,adopts the method of combining theory with practice,falls its feet on the reform of school running system and analyzes the related problems in general high school running system,and integrates the use of sociology,new institutional economics,law and other theoretical methods for analysis.The dissertation consists of three major parts: introduction,main body with six chapters and the conclusion.The introduction includes problem-posing,researching status related to the topic,researching thoughts and methods,structure and the explanation and illustration of related core concepts.The first part of the thesis is mainly to answer the problem of “what” from the perspective of ontology,that is,what is the transformation of general high school running system in essence.It argues that the transformation of the running system of general high school education is a kind of change of the allocation of resources,that is,the transformation from the traditional plan allocation mode to the modern market allocation mode;it is also a kind of institutional changes in the field of secondary education in our country,that is,the transition from traditional top-down compulsory institutional changes to induced institutional changes;and a process of redistribution and adjustment of the various interests in the field of high school education,that is,the transformation of the general high school running system is a game between the main stakeholders,including the Government and administration department of education,general high schools,teachers,students and parents,etc.The game between the various stakeholders determines the effectiveness of the reform of the school running system;and a process of adaptive adjustment,that is,the general high school running system has been making adaptive adjustment with the development of economy and society.The substantive analysis of the transition of general high school running system provides the theoretical basis for the later analysis.The second chapter of the thesis is to answer the question of “why”on the basis of “what” is,that is,the necessity of the transformation of the general high school running system.The paper argues that internal factors and external requirements lead to the transformation of general high school-running system.The internal factors are mainly the requirements of the comprehensive development of people and the contradiction which the existing general high school running system can not meet diverse needs of general high school education.The external factors are mainly the requirements of the economic and social transformation to the development of general high school education,the external demand of shortage of running school funds under the traditional school running system,the demand of the modernization of Education Governance and the requirements of the reform of the new college entrance examination system,and the pressure which originates form the new trend of international senior high school reform and development.Based on the analysis of what is the transformation of the general high schoolrunning system and the reasons for it,the third chapter focuses on the content of the transformation of the general high school system.It mainly analyzes the content of the transformation from four dimensions,including the main body of running school,the mode of running school,the funding of running school and the evaluation of running school,and points out that the body of running school is transformed from the traditional single government to the multivariate subject;the mode of running school is transformed from the traditional single to the diversified;the investment of running school is transformed from a single state financial education to multi-channel education funding;the evaluation of running school is transformed from a single evaluation to a comprehensive evaluation.Through practical investigation,the fourth chapter of the thesis mainly inspects the actual situation of the reform of the general high school running system.Here,four general high school are selected as the study objects which are mainly from Chongqing,and Sichuan.Based on the survey,we found that there are still some problems in the reform of the general high school running system,such as some misunderstandings existing in cognition,the autonomy of running school not yet been implemented,unequal development between public schools and private schools,the absence of government function is still existing and the dilemma of institutional supply.Based on the practical investigation,combining with the existing theoretical results,the fifth chapter of the thesis is mainly to analyze the plight of the reform of the system of running schools.It holds that the traditional social culture,the path dependence of the reform,the paradox caused by the reform of the government-led school running system,the institutional defects of the reform,the administrative restriction of the education reform and the game of interest between the stakeholders in the process of education reform,all of which restrict the transformation of the current high school running system in our country.Among them,culture,as an inherent mechanism of education reform,is mainly embodied in pragmatic culture,utilitarian culture,administrative culture and ethnic culture;as an old system and a new adaptation,the path dependency is a rule of any reform which can not be avoided,and it certainly affected by the traditional system;the Government Paradox,as a new perspective of recognizing the difficulty of transformation,it is caused by the conflict of the interests and roles of the Government in the reform of school running system;institution is the fundamental guarantee for the smooth progress of education reform,and the lack of formal and informal institution supply is the fundamental factor that restricts the transformation of general high school running system;educational administrative,as the main characteristic of China's education system,it affects and restricts the reform of general high school running system in all aspects;in the period of social transformation,interest differentiation is a fundamental characteristic of the society,and Game of Stakeholders affects and restricts the progress and effectiveness in the reform of school running system of general high school.The sixth chapter of the thesis is mainly aimed at putting forward some suggestions to further promote the transformation in view of the difficulties faced by the transformation of the general high school running system.First,the transformation of the system must be guided by the concept,because the change of concept is the prerequisite and basis for education reform.Changing concepts should be based on reality,and accurately grasp the change of reality.In addition,we should strengthen public opinion propaganda and education in order to achieve the concept of reality and concrete in the form of institutionalization.Second,we should effectively transform the functions of the Government by changing the Government's educational management ideas and innovating the Government ideas,orientating the Government' functions scientifically,continuing to promote the reform of the administrative system,establishing and perfecting a list system to the Government,realizing the transition from management to governance.Thirdly,the State should promote the supply-side reform in education,increase the institutional supply of senior high school education.By legislating senior high school education law and formulating corresponding supporting institution of the law,we can ensure that there are laws to follow in the reform of high school education.Through propaganda and guidance of the modern media,we can change the concept of high school education and talent for the majority,and create a good social and psychological environment for the reform of general high school running-system in informal institution.Fourth,the government should optimize the coordination mechanism of interest and resolve all kinds of contradictions in the reform of school running system.With the construction of interest guidance mechanism,the improvement of interest expression mechanism,the establishment of interest coordination mechanism and the construction of interest protection mechanism,pooling-of-interest is formed.If so,it can reduce the resistance encountered in the reform process of general high school running system.Fifth,it needs multi-lateral cooperation and forms a synergistic effect.The reform of general high school running system involves all aspects of society,and it needs social reform to support.By repositioning the nature of general high school education,continuing to promote the reform of personnel system of institution,improving the funding mechanism of general high school education,promoting the general high school education popularization,establishing and improving the evaluation mechanism of the efficiency of general high school running system etc,it can form a synergistic effect and create a good external conditions for the reform of general high school running system.The conclusion is mainly to make a summary of the dissertation and make a prospect for the future.It holds that the reform of the general high school running system is of great value in the background of China's education reform,and is of great significance in meeting the needs of diversification and individualized education,achieving the transition from a big country of human resources to a powerful country of human resources,improving the quality of the whole nation,etc.However,under the influence and restriction of various factors,the reform of general high school running system is very difficult and the cycle duration is too long.Under the background of China 's social transformation,in order to successfully promote the transformation of general high school running system,we must start from the top-level design to achieve a series of changes.At the same time,the reform of the general high school running system must also proceed from the national conditions of our country,pay attention to the synergies of reform,take the reform of the government as the key and the institution as safeguard. |
PDF Full Text Request