Study On Canadian Agreement-based Credit Transfer Institutional Transformation

Essentially,credit transfer system is a kind of academic management system,and it is the focus of higher education reform.Presently,the credit transfer system is relatively mature in North America and Europe.And Canada owns formed a flexible and efficient agreement-based credit transfer system.This study is to figure out the transformation process of Canadian agreement-based credit transfer system,how to develop,change and improve.According to the historical trajectory and basic characteristics of the development of credit transfer system,the process of transformation mainly involved three periods.And from the perspective of institutional transformation theory of new institutional economics to explore the characteristics of Canadian credit transfer system,the transformation pattern,the institutional environment of transformation,the subject and interaction of transformation,and the choice of value in the context of institutional transformation to explain the change process of the agreement-based credit transfer system.And then reflect on the enlightenment of the change of Canadian agreement-based credit transfer system to China's higher education.This study is mainly based on the literature research method,policy text analysis method and institutional analysis method,and is divided into five chapters to conduct this study.The first chapter is the introduction part,including research origin,core concept definition,research significance,literature review,research ideas and methods.The second chapter is to find out the origin of the Canadian agreement-based credit transfer system and clarifies the emergence of the system.The third chapter analyzes the establishment of Canada credit transfer system from the provincial level to the Canadian national level.The fourth chapter analyzes the transition process of the Canadian agreement-based credit transfer system.The fifth chapter focuses on the enlightenment of the transformation of Canadian agreement-based credit transfer system.The study finds that Canada agreement-based credit transfer system has experienced three stage: the stage of emerging and exploration(before 1995);the development stage(1995-2009)and the improvement stage(2009-to now).And the main content and characteristics of the actual agreement-based credit transfer system.The institutional transformation process shows the characteristics of change from the induced institutional change to the compulsory institutional changes to the combination of inducement and compulsory.According to the context of Canada's economic after the Second World War,the demand for higher education for the public and the obstacles to student group mobility,and the higher education cost sharing policy changes and the acceleration of the integration of higher education are important institutional environments that have led up to the evolution of the Canadian agreement-based credit system;the interaction between the Canadian federal government,the provincial government,different types of higher education institutions,higher education function organizations,and different student groups of various university,which constitutes the internal motivation of transformation.Also,the staged-dynamic selection and balance of fairness and quality of higher education is the fundamental force that promotes the different characteristics of its institutional transformation.