The Study On Reform Of Rural Land System In China Based On The Perspective Of Rural Population Exit

The rural population' out of rural into city is an inevitable phenomenon of the development of modern economy and society, and also is an inevitable stage in the process of modernization. The rural population thoroughly exiting from the rural area is related to reorganization of agriculture's production factors, because both the realization of agriculture modernization and rural development must based on the transfering of rural population, for too much rural population will have an negative impact on the rural modernization.The rural population exit is also related to the normal development of urbanization in China. Now, a large number of floating population in city can not become permanent residents and equal to the citizen. It appears to be related to the household registration system, employment system, education system, medical treatment system and social security system, but in fact it comes from the old ideas of "give land to the peasants, give social security to citizen " and the foundation of land system. At the same time, because the rural exit population are joining city and industry directly, joining the rural and agricultural directly, their effective exit is also related to the coordinative development of urbanization, industrialization and agricultural modernization. In view of the above mentioned facts, the exit of the rural population in this study is restricted to the "complete exit", namely a member of the rural collective economic organization with membership and identity, who volunteer to give up his land right which obtained by his identity through transferring or by other means to the rural collective economic organization or other individuals, and who will be independent from the original rural communities in law and economy.Long-term trials are carried out in reforming rural land system, but the reform goal is diversified, such as efficient use of resources, maximizing agricultural production to ensure food supply, improving the income of the farmers, to maintain social stability and so on. But its fundamental flaw is that the effective mechanism of "land reform-rural population exit-urban fusion and agriculture modernization" has not been established now. During the process of rapid urbanization and industrialization development chinese farmers are differentiating, at the same time, the functions of the rural land are changing, so the reform of rural land system adapting to such changes is imminent.Therefore, the focus of this dissertation is to perfect the land system reform, and to ensure the rural population exiting flawlessly. This dissertation mainly discusses how to deepen the rural land system reform to ensure the rural population exit flawlessly response to the rural land's functions changing. The content including three parts:based on the analysis of rural population exit the first part constructs a population flow model to analyse the impact of land system on rural population exit and the change of land functions. The second part is to analyse the current situation of rural population exit under the rural land existing system, and to analyse the reform demand for the land system that rural exit population needed. The third part is the the suggestion of the rural land system reform in China designed to ensure the rural population exiting smothly. Based on the comparison of characteristics of main innovation modes of rural land system in China and their performance of population exit, and based on the empirical analysis for the cases of Hubei Province in China, the dissertation proposes principles, direction, policy recommendations and mode selection of rural land system reform. The dissertation consists of 6 chapters, the main contents as follows:The first chapter is the introduction, a brief introduction on the basic research situation and relevant research, including the grounds for the topic, research significance, literature review, research ideas, research content and method, also involved the innovation. Based on the foreign research review of rural-urban migration and rural land use, agricultural development, rural land system, land market, the domestic research related to exit of rural population, reform of rural land system, binding studies of them are reviewed, and a brief review on the research status is given.The second chapter is the research of relationship between the rural exiting population and the land system. This chapter first analyses the connotation and necessity of rural population exit, then analyses the rural land system and the relationship between land system and rural population exit. The analysis result shows the traditional theories of population shift are lack of explanatory power to exit phenomenon of rural population in China. The dissertation amends the Todaro mode again from the angle of rural population exit, and makes a conclusion that the rural land system is the main restrictive factor to the exit of rural population. This constraint produces along with functional change of rural land to the rural population.With the development of economy and society and the improvement of farmers'income level, for rural population the function of rural land is changing, for them the rural land has no longer simply appears to the function of production and safeguard, but also has the function of property. In the high-income stage of farmers, property demand rapidly grows and become a new main demand. Due to the deficiency of land exit and transaction system, the property function of land can't realized and that affects the migration decision of rural population, finally makes the traditional population flow theories lack of explanatory power.The third chapter is the exit status of rural population under the existing rural land system. The features of the current rural land system (including agricultural land and construction sites)is introduced at first.Then the exit status and problems of rural population in China are analyzed. By estimation it can be seen that from the year of 1991-2012 about 8.5 million rural population exit annually. At the same time the exit exists following questions:the number of semi-exit population is large, while the number of the thoroughly exit population is very small; the property can not be effectively realized when exiting; the social security system is imperfect; the passive exit population occupies a great proportion. Finally, the adaptability of current rural land ownership system, rural land use and transfer system, rural land income-distribution system and rural land management system to the exit of rural population is analyzed.The fourth chapter analyses the rural population's reform demand of rural land system when they exit. According to the sample data of questionnaire survey in Hubei Province, China, the exit intention of migrant workers and their families is given at first, then the factors which influence migrant workers'exit decision are discussed by using logistic regression model, the relevant land policy needs of migrant workers exit are analyzed at last. The results show that nearly 1/3 migrant workers and their families have quit intention. The greatest effect factor on migrant workers'exit intend is whether minding the compensation policy (i.e. whether the exit compensation policy existing), second is the contracted land area per capita, third is the use type of contracted land, fourth is the uncultivated state of the contracted land in the hometown, fifth is the geographical environment of hometown, sixth is the length of work time, seventh is the family's current residence. Taken together, the external factors including policy factors, the contracted land factors, family location factors have significant effect on the migrant workers'exit decision, but the individual factors'affection is weak. The results also show that the migrant workers have obvious transfer willingness for contracted land and homestead, and they care about benefits and compensation of land circulation, and they also have strong demand to achieve income from land property right transferring. Some migrant workers have the exit intention of land, and they have higher appeal for the free exit right of land.The fifth chapter is empirical analysis of the innovation of rural land system and the exit of rural population. Since the reform and opening up the main innovation model of rural land system, aiming to promote industrialization, urbanization and scale operation, developing toward the direction of market, relatively clearly define the income right of land and farmers receive a part of value-added benefits. From the development trend, the main innovation modes have the trend of convergence to a certain extent. The results show the best comprehensive performance is Chengdu mode, the next is Chongqing mode, the third is Zhejiang mode, and their effect of rural population exit is also better. All kinds of main land system innovation modes in population exit effect are different. "Homestead for housing, the contracted land for social security", "collective construction land replacement city construction land index", "land bank", "land market" mode in population exit effect is very good, "land contract unchanged for a long time," "two-land system", "homestead circulation" mode is conducive to the exit of rural population, "land joint-stock cooperation", "collective construction land into the city" pattern in population exit effect is general, but their long-term exit effect is good. Finally, based on the cluster analysis results of 31 provinces'data, the land innovation modes advancing the exit of the rural population, which apply to various areas, are analyzed.The last chapter is the suggestion of rural land system reform to promote rural population exit in China. At this stage the goal of the reform of rural land system should be improving the collective ownership system and promoting the exit of rural population. To push the exit of rural population some reforms should be adopted, including perfecting the relevant legislation, establishing the exit right of land, promoting land ownership confirmed on a full scale, guiding and regulating the circulation of collective land, building a sound social security system in rural areas, guiding all kinds of land reform modes benefiting the exit to develop reasonablely. Finally, some measures to protect migrant workers' related interests after their exit are put forward.