Entrepreneurial Passion,Self-efficacy And Work Values Towards Entrepreneurial Intentions In A Developing Economy

This dissertation explored the specific nature of entrepreneurship intentions in a developing economy.i.e.Pakistan.Building on the research conducted in the area of entrepreneurial intentions this dissertation will assess the role of innate individual qualities towards entrepreneurial intentions.The basic theme of this dissertation is to answer the fundamental question of individual entrepreneurship.The central question that how to assess behavior in the form of intentions has been addressed in the context of Pakistan.Since Pakistan is a country rich with extraordinary resources the key resource being its talent pool,it was an ideal sample to test the EIQ.Recently the CPEC has also emerged as a program for development of the country's infrastructure to enhance the One road one belt initiative of CHINA.This initiative by the Chinese government and Pakistan government has already seen the signing of many development schemes to ensure that both countries benefit from this initiative.One key aspect is the influx of cash that will help develop Pakistan's strained economy.Entrepreneurship is a key ingredient towards development of an economy.Pakistan being a developing country can prosper with CPEC initiative if it introduces policy that favors enterprise establishment.The intent to become an entrepreneurs is a long embedded thought process that involves decisions and behavioral developments from a very young age.The first study was focused on evaluating individual entrepreneurial intentions.In this study the underlying theory used was TPB(Theory of Planned Behavior)since the theory embodies the key variables in determining intentions with the most frequently used antecedents.The questionnaire used for the particular study was adopted from Entrepreneurial intentions questionnaire v.3 developed by Linan to study the entrepreneurial intentions and the work values scale was adopted from the work done by Shalom H.Schwartz.Entrepreneurial intentions(EI)has long been considered as the driving force behind entrepreneurial behavior.The entrepreneurship literature provides many insights however,it has had a piecemeal approach in the context of developing countries.Like,all life decisions the career decisions are no exception that require rigorous cognitive,environmental processes to be intertwined in order to make a logical career choice.The first study is an effort to explore the mediating effect of various conditions based on theory of planned behavior with the predictor of work values and the outcome of entrepreneurial intentions.This research focused on work value fundamentally as occupational value determines an individual's course in life.These decisions are based on various processes that include but are not limited to(i.e.Attitude,Social Norm,Perceived Behavioral control).Data was collected from a sample population of 200 and after screening the data the final sample used for analysis of the study stood at 174,most of the mediating effects were supported.Hence,this study further enriches the entrepreneurial intentions research dimension in the developing countries.The second study embodied another key factor within the entrepreneurial intentions literature.i.e.Entrepreneurial passion and self-efficacy and risk as a key moderators.The variable self-efficacy was tested using two different types of self-efficacy(i.e.Entrepreneurial self-efficacy and computer self-efficacy).The justification for using these two types was embedded in the sense that majority enterprises being established within the developing world have an element of information technology and two possess both the efficacies would yield towards establishing better and stronger entrepreneurial intentions.Passion by definition is "strong and barely controllable emotion",barely controllable because it would almost always lead the individual towards entrepreneurial intentions and behavior.Data was collected from 250 sample population and only one entry was distracted as it did not meet the criterion.The model showed that there was mediating effect of entrepreneurial intentions between passion and entrepreneurial behavior.This doctoral dissertation addresses a core issue within the developing economies.As entrepreneurial development is key to development and growth.Entrepreneurship helps in creating employment opportunities for the masses,and helps to establish and further strengthen the resolve to become entrepreneur.