| The economic and social development in various countries and regions will experience the process of urbanization. At present, although China's economic development is in a low speed growth of the new normal, but China is also in an important period of accelerated development of urbanization, in which inevitably lead to the adjustment of China's economic structure and the transfer of rural population. In essence, urbanization is the transfer of agricultural population to urban and concentrated in the non-agricultural industries and promotes agricultural transfer of population into the city. Urbanization is a process of rural population into urban population, this process is a country must go through the social change to achieve industrialization and modernization. For a long time, "agriculture, countryside and farmers" has been one of the main problems plagued socialism with Chinese characteristics, its core is the peasants. Chinese farmers must be like the other countries in the world after the rapid transformation of city population in the process of urbanization, we must first solve the problem of farmers and transfer into the town, and the influence of one of the most important and the most direct factor is the transfer of the migrant workers' employment ability, which is the accumulation of human capital and the occupation training. Especially in China under the new economic normal, the economic transformation and upgrading of industrial structure, resulting in "mechanic shortage" problem has become increasingly prominent.To solve the problem of "difficult employment" and "mechanic shortage" of migrant workers is of great practical significance and theoretical value to the social stability and economic development of China.With the development of urbanization, the rural population to urban mobility and transfer is the common law of economic and social development, but also the only way for a country to transform from dual society towards a yuan society. In the process of urbanization with Chinese characteristics, the identity change from farmer to citizen has two important stages, the first stage is from farmers to migrant workers, and the second phase of the citizenization of migrant workers. Urbanization is the key to urbanization of migrant workers, and the citizenization of migrant workers is the key to migrant workers own cultural education level and professional skill level. Since the reform and opening up in 80s of last century, the rural surplus labor force in our country has been flooding into urban employment, and the employment field has covered three industries, which is a necessary stage of the economic and social development in China. The low level of their professional skills leads to serious structural contradiction between the supply side and the demand side of the industrial human capital market. The migrant workers occupation high mobility features, will adversely affect the society and enterprise's human capital accumulation and industrial upgrading, compared with city workers, migrant workers in a weak position in the significant level of employment, income, social security etc. Practice has proved that only high comprehensive quality of migrant workers, into the city to get more employment opportunities, to obtain relatively stable occupation, to gain higher income, to adapt and integrate into the urban life. Because of the culture, education, ability level difference, how to further improve the cultural quality of migrant workers, to further strengthen the continuing education of migrant workers, improve the overall quality of migrant workers, so that migrant workers into the city as soon as possible, to foster the citizen concept, enjoy equal rights and obligations, highly recognized by the government, so the problem of becoming the town's master is imminent, it is not only the inherent requirement of the Communist Party of Chinese of governing for the people, but also the internal demand of the masses, help to promote and enhance the quality of migrant workers occupation transformation, accelerate the process of urbanization, increase the income of migrant workers, it helps to build a comprehensive well-off society in China.Along with the transformation and upgrading of China's economic structure and rapid urbanization, the number of migrant workers showed a rapid upward trend, they are distributed in various sectors of the national economy and made tremendous contributions to promote China's economic and social development. As the problem of migrant workers is one of the important factors affecting the economic and social development of our country, although the human capital for rural migrant workers in our country is still enough, but the structural contradiction between demand and supply of rural migrant workers are increasingly prominent. Social production in China has gradually shifted from human resource intensive to professional skill intensive, labor intensive industry growth slowed, will require more high-quality human capital. But there are serious structural contradictions of human capital markets in China, migrant workers own exist significant characteristics of liquid, to the enterprise human capital accumulation and industry upgrade will cause serious adverse effects; Relative to the city workers, migrant workers in employment, income level, social security, etc at a significant weak position. Therefore, strengthening vocational training of migrant workers and promoting the optimization and upgrading of industrial structure, and promoting the rapid transformation of China's economic development, help to improve the income level of rural migrant workers and social security, in order to meet the needs of economic development to improve the quality of labor. Vocational training of migrant workers can not only improve their overall quality and their labor skills, but also to reduce the human capital gap between migrant workers and the urban labor force, to promote human capital market supply-side reforms and a direct impact on the sustainable development of China's industrialization and urbanization process and the socialism with Chinese characteristics, with a very important practical significance.Based on the analysis of the problem of the vocational training of migrant workers in China, according to the migrant workers monitoring survey 2014 micro data, we use the Logit model empirical analysis on the factors affecting the demand of vocational education and training of rural labor, and pay attention to analyze the regional differences and gender differences. The study founds that:(1) education level significantly influence migrant workers vocational education and training requirements, with the improving of the migrant workers'education level, more inclined to take part in the vocational education and training, the higher level of general education, and the higher levels of human capital, so as to promote the migrant workers income increases, which provide economic basis for vocational education and training; (2) age, length of service of migrant workers and migrant workers to participate in vocational education and training needs for the inverted "U" type of relationship, in particular, as the growth of the length of service and age, farmers in increasing demand of vocational education, followed a downward trend; (3) There were significantly differences between urban and rural areas and migrant workers vocational training demand gender differences. So the government to provide policy support and facilities construction should pay attention to fairness, increase the probability of low-income migrant workers to participate in professional training, reasonable release of migrant workers vocational training needs. (4) Government subsidies and accumulated in the accumulation of vocational training costs are significantly influence the probability of migrant workers to participate in vocational training. Accumulated government subsidies and the probability of migrant workers to participate in vocational training has significant positive correlation, the cumulative cost involved in vocational training and the probability of migrant workers to participate in vocational training has significant negative correlation relationship.According to the above analysis of the problems of rural migrant workers in vocational training and empirical study, we propose the following suggestions:Firstly, migrant workers in vocational training is a long and arduous task that requires the government, enterprises, training institutions and migrant workers to cooperate well steadily. We should perfect the market mechanism of migrant workers' vocational training and establish the training system of market demand as the guidance and government supervision. Introduce relevant laws and regulations to the progressive realization of migrant workers in vocational training market legalization. Secondly, the government should focus on vocational training needs of migrant workers and gender differences in the area. Enhance vocational training for migrant workers, especially low-income migrant workers, continue to promote equitable education training system, so that vulnerable groups in society equal access to training opportunities for education, from the institutional participation in vocational training for migrant workers to provide protection. Thirdly, in line with the needs of migrant workers in vocational training, adapt the transformation of vocational skills and job requirements of the economy structure. The demand for vocational training of migrant workers is large, but the presence of migrant workers vocational high liquidity, so the lack of business-to-vocational training for migrant workers' enthusiasm, the government must give certain preferential tax policies for enterprises to provide vocational training. Fourthly, encourage migrant workers between enterprises and establish relatively stable labor contract relations, improve the enthusiasm of enterprises to provide vocational training.Promote the effective integration of enterprise resources and education and training institutions, and reasonable arrangements for vocational training in order to market demand-oriented, defining the training content according to the actual needs of different industries in different regions. Fifthly, achieve the diversification and systematization of vocational training of migrant workers. Achieve the diversification of training investment, establish scientific and reasonable incentive mechanism to improve vocational training initiative. Increase training spending on subsidies, establish and improve migrant workers in vocational skills certification system, combine training and employment recommendation. In the economic and social transformation stage, we should actively use a variety of resources to improve the level of employment of migrant workers, to provide quality employment services and guidance for migrant workers. Strengthen and improve the funding system, financing guarantees for vocational training. Shortage of funds is the major bottleneck of migrant workers to carry out vocational training. At present, the government financial investment in vocational training for migrant workers is limited, in this case, training of migrant workers to raise funds from other sources to proceed the "government+corporate+ migrant workers" co-financing mode. Government finances mainly to provide basic training in protection, enterprises are mainly to provide job training for migrant workers, migrant workers mainly from individual personal career planning departure selective training. Government financial funds to implement into practice, corporate operating profits extracted from a certain percentage of funds for vocational training of migrant workers to carry out, and may apply for tax relief. Sixthly, establish a new platform for the vocational training of migrant workers based on modern information technology.The rapid development of modern information technology to "Internet plus" as the representative and universal, has created a new environment and conditions for carrying out occupation training. Especially there is a big difference in terms of work ethic and the concept of life between the new generation of migrant workers and the older generation of migrant workers,by building a network platform for the promotion of vocational training to improve the further improvement of vocational skills of migrant workers. Seventhly, to strengthen the theoretical and applied research on the evaluation of vocational training of migrant workers, to explore the construction of migrant workers vocational training evaluation index system, to improve the implementation of vocational training effect of migrant workers. |
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