| Chinese government has clearly put forward a grand vision of accelerating the transformation of agricultural development mode to make agriculture more powerful,make farmers richer and rural areas more beautiful.However,the truth is that,recently,in the process of the traditional agriculture transforming to the intensive,specialized and large-scale modern agriculture,with the improvement of agricultural production and households' living condition,a series of internal contradictions accumulated in the traditional system have slowly emerged,which restricts the sustainable development of agriculture in China with the coexistence of resource shortage and wastes,environmental pollution and laissez faire.In rural areas,many households ignore regulations related to agricultural wastes recycling that government make and they are not willing to take scientific and environmental measures to settle agricultural wastes,which results in a large increase of harmful substances into the environment.To a certain extent,agricultural economy has come to a standstill and economic value,ecological value and social value of the agricultural wastes resources have failed to be fully achieved,thus further restricting the improvement of ecology and environment.Circular economy theory holds that agricultural wastes resources should be utilized,which can not only avoid the serious obstacle to the sustainable development of agriculture,but also realize its value.So,what is the value composition of agricultural wastes? How about its utilization potentialities? In rural areas,if there is indeed great value in agricultural wastes,what is the reason for the deviation of the households' behavior objectives from the government's goals? Which leads to the “failure” of the agricultural wastes recycling? How to implement its value smoothly to stimulate households to participate in agricultural wastes recycling? The rational answers to such questions could not only break the current dilemma of agricultural sustainable development,but also help to enrich the theory system such as natural resource and environmental economics,agricultural economics.This study,which takes the “Value Assessment-Benefit Gambling-Compensation Mechanism” as the main logical line and aims at the front problems in agricultural resources utilization and environment protection,takes crop straw,livestock and poultry manure as the research object with field survey and dataanalysis to reveal the value composition of agricultural wastes resources,to calculate the “potential value” of agricultural wastes recycling and to explore the perceived value of agricultural wastes recycling.Besides,from the perspective of stakeholders' conflict and game,this paper deeply analyzes the reasons for the failure of agricultural wastes resource market and on the basis of development experience at home and abroad,this paper studies and designs the integrated system model of agricultural wastes recycling in China with the ecological compensation system as the core so as to provide scientific basis and theoretical support for the relevant government departments in policy-making.The research contents mainly consist of four parts,namely literature review and theoretical research framework(chapters 1,2,3)in part one,the assessment of agricultural wastes' “potential value” and “real value” in the market(chapter 4)in part two,the deconstruction of agricultural wastes' market failure(chapter 5)in the third part and lastly,the construction of ecological compensation mechanism for agricultural wastes(chapters 6,7,8).Specifically:Chapter 1 is the introduction.From the domestic,international,historical and present perspectives,the urgent problems and scientific problems are put forward to reveal the origin of this study;on this basis,from the theoretical and practical dimensions,the purpose and significance of this study are analyzed;meanwhile,the main content,the layout of this paper and possible innovations are induced.Chapter 2 is about the review of existing research.Based on China National Knowledge Infrastructure(CNKI)database and Social Science Citation Index(SSCI)database,Cite Space information visualization software is employed to clarify the research hotspots,research frontiers and trends of the agricultural wastes and agricultural ecological compensation.Based on this,a literature review in this study is carried out,which is helpful to make the academic position of this study clear in domestic and international academic circles.Chapter 3 is the theoretical analysis framework.Based on the existing conclusions,the connotation of the core concepts including agricultural wastes,agricultural wastes recycling and its economic,ecological and social values are well defined and illustrated with the purpose of the research so as to ensure the accuracy of the study.Then,the theoretical framework of this study is constructed by inducing the origin of the value composition and the market failure of agricultural wastes recycling.Chapter 4 is about the value evaluation of agricultural wastes recycling.The value of agricultural wastes recycling is scientifically evaluated from the macro and micro perspectives.Macroscopically,two kinds of agricultural wastes,crop straw,livestock and poultry manure,are analyzed from theoretical quantity,available quantity and regional difference to estimate the underlying fertilizer and energy values.Microscopically,as producers and consumers,households' perceived economic value,perceived ecological value and perceived social value of agricultural wastes is analyzed.Then OP model is employed to explain the differences between the theoretically “potential value” and the “real value” in market of agricultural wastes.Chapter 5 is about game analysis and identifying the core of stakeholders in agricultural wastes recycling.The three-dimensional evaluation system of “Tightness-Impact-Positivity” is tentatively put forward to scientifically recognize core stakeholders,secondary stakeholders,marginal stakeholders and potential stakeholders of agricultural wastes recycling.Then,the behavior objectives,behavior characteristics and their roles in agricultural wastes recycling of core stakeholders are analyzed.On this basis,the research applies complete information dynamic game and evolutionary game to explain the contradiction between the individual and the collective rationality among the core stakeholders.Internal and external causes of the market failure and methods to resolve the conflict are explored,thus laying the foundation for the ecological compensation mechanism of agricultural wastes resources.Chapter 6 is the calculation of ecological compensation standards for agricultural wastes recycling.Taking the crop straw energy utilization(biogas production from crop straw)as an example,contingent valuation method and Heckman two-step estimation models are employed to estimate ecological compensation standards for agricultural wastes recycling and discuss the “endowment effect”.Considering the uncertainty of households' willingness to pay and willingness to accept,a weighted Heckman two-step estimation model is constructed to further estimate ecological compensation standard.Chapter 7 is about the construction of ecological compensation mechanism of agricultural wastes recycling.On the basis of the analysis above,this chapter,combining with China's social and economic development goals,aims to build the ecological compensation mechanism of agricultural wastes recycling from theperspectives of the basic ideas/principles,main objectives,basic framework and safeguard measures,etc..Chapter 8 is the conclusion,shortage and outlook.The main conclusions of this study are summarized,and the policy implications are put forward.Meanwhile,after investigating the shortcomings of this study,further research is prospected.With systematic research,the main conclusions are as follows: there is a huge amount of crop straw which have great potential value for recycling in China and there are some regional differences in cultivated land yield,seeding land yield and per capital yield.There is also a huge amount of livestock and poultry manure in China,whereas the farmland load is not optimistic and reducing fertilizer application is imperative.Meanwhile,the potentiality of fertilization and energy regeneration of livestock and poultry manure is still considerable.However,the research with the micro survey data shows that there is a huge space for households to know more about agricultural wastes recycling,and this means that there are some defects in the market of agricultural wastes recycling,that is the real value of the market is not matching the potential value from theory.The reason is that the differences in behavior goals and behavior characteristics of the main stakeholders(namely households,central government and local government)participating in agricultural wastes recycling lead to the differences in labor division as well as between profit and loss of agricultural wastes recycling,thus hindering the smooth implementation of the theoretical potential value of agricultural wastes recycling.The construction of scientific and reasonable ecological compensation mechanism is an effective way to promote the linkage development of agricultural wastes recycling and agricultural industry,and coordinate interest conflicts among stakeholders and finally solve the problem of the “market failure” of agricultural wastes recycling. |
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