Economic Contribution And Allocative Efficiency Of Urban Land Expansion In Wuhan Metropolitan Area

Since reforming and opening-up policy,the scale of urban construction and the urban land have been substantially enlarged with the quickening pace of China’s social economy,urbanization,industrialization process.Accordingly,problems about regional social economy and resource allocation efficiency frequently happened.Therefore,how to quantify and promote the economic contribution and allocation efficiency of urban land expansion,and effective control the disorder and expansion of urban land use are the core problems to solve urban economic development and land use conflict.At the end of 2007,“Resource-economical and Environment-friendly Society” experimental zone was approved for the Wuhan metropolitan area,and it became a city-region economic association,including Wuhan and the surrounding eight cities: Huangshi,Xianning,Huanggang,Ezhou,Xiaogan,Xiantao,Tianmen and Qianjiang.The economic association features are as follow: complementary advantages of natural resources,industrial structure cooperation and win-win,policy support regional unity,and differentiated management.During the year 2000~2012,the construction land in Wuhan metropolitan area increased 140930.09 hectares.Remarkably,the construction land in Wuhan metropolitan area during the year 2007~2012 increased 101762.22 hectares,accounting for 72.21% of the incremental construction land in the year 2000~2012.These results demonstrated that since Wuhan metropolitan area “Resource-economical and Environment-friendly Society” experimental zone was established in 2007,there was a substantial increase in construction land and urban expansion.Because Wuhan metropolitan area “Resource-economical and Environment-friendly Society” experimental zone was established in 2007,the research period was divided into two periods: 2000~2006 and 2007~2012.This research intended to compare and analyze the economic contribution of urban land expansion and allocative efficiency in two periods.First of all,in order to quantify the relationship between the urban space expansion and economic development in Wuhan metropolitan area,the urban size,efficiency of urbanization,center functions,strength of economic ties and economic coordination degree were comparatively analyzed.Meanwhile,it also provided theoretical basis for the subsequent economic growth efficiency measurement.Second,in order to provide the government theory basis to consolidate existing efficient policy and make policy improvement,the total factor productivity(TEP)and the economic contribution of TEP,labor,capital and intermediate inputs in two research periods were calculated and comparative analyzed,using Solow residual method.Third,for the sake of accelerating the structural reform of the supply front and providing the policy suggestions on promoting the efficiency of land supply,the economic contribution of urban land expansion in two research periods were calculated and analyzed from two aspects: the city and county.Likewise,this part was a dynamic and comparative analysis on economic growth efficiency of urban land and the other production factors.Furthermore,this part was also compared and analyzed by the influence of urban land expansion on economic growth.Finally,in order to provide theoretical support and policy suggestions on optimizing the configuration of urban land expansion in Wuhan metropolitan area,the allocative efficiency of urban land expansion was calculated using Jeffrey model.On this basis,the factors affecting the allocative efficiency of urban land expansion were also comparatively analyzed in two research periods.The main conclusions of the study were as follows:(1)Overall,the majority of cities in Wuhan metropolitan area were large and medium-sized cities and the new urban construction land increment presented a steady or rising trend year by year during the year 2000~2012.It was observed that the urban economic structure was dominated by agriculture,and the economical radiation of the holistic metropolitan area remained to be improved.What’s more,the economical radiation intensity of the central city Wuhan was differently distributed.Especially,in the year 2000~2006,the change of urban size and the non-agricultural development were both slow,and the new urban construction land increment exhibited a low and no obvious regularity state.Deservedly,the economical radiation of the holistic metropolitan area and the economical radiation intensity of the central city Wuhan were both low.After the “Resource-economical and Environment-friendly Society” experimental zone was established,the urban size expanded rapidly and the new urban construction land increment was in a steady growth in the year 2007~2012.Meanwhile,the non-agriculture industry developed rapidly,the economical radiation of the holistic metropolitan area and the economical radiation intensity of the central city Wuhan were also promoted compared with the indexes in the year 2000~2006.Finally,it can be found that the establishment of Wuhan metropolitan area “Resource-economical and Environment-friendly Society” experimental zone enhanced the coordination degree of Wuhan metropolitan area’s economic development.However,it need to be further improved in cultivated land use,energy use,employment rate and the governmental management.(2)Comparison about the total factor productivity(TEP)and the economic contribution of each production factors in two research periods revealed: A a whole,the TEP of each city in Wuhan metropolitan area was low and differential distributed.Compared with the obvious scale economies effect of Hubei province,the scale economies effect in Wuhan metropolitan area were differential distributed.Correspondingly,the economic growth was a typical extensive economic development mode: the economic development mainly relied on capital input and labor devotion,the role of the intermediate inputs was very little,while the technical progress played certain impact on economic growth.In the year 2000~2006,the TEP and the scale economies effect of each city was lower than above and differential distributed.In addition,the economic growth mainly relied on capital input,while labor and technological progress played a small role and the intermediate inputs impacted weakly.In comparison,after the “Resource-economical and Environment-friendly Society” experimental zone was established,the TEP of each city was promoted in a large range.The sort of each factor’s economic contribution was not change,however,there was a growth in economic contribution of technology progress and labor.The role of capital investment and intermediate inputs in promoting economic growth weakened.What’s more,the scale economies effect of each city in Wuhan metropolitan area was also reduced.(3)It can be indicated from comparison about the economic contribution of the urban land expansion in the two research periods: As for Wuhan metropolitan area,the economic contribution of the urban land expansion was lower than the economic contribution of capital,labor,and technology progress,which was just little higher than the economic contribution of the intermediate inputs.The inputs’ sensitive degree was arranged as following: labor> capital> urban land expansion> intermediate inputs.So the economic development was in the stage of intensive labor use and not intensive land use in Wuhan metropolitan area.In the year 2000~2006,the economic contribution of the urban land expansion was still low and fluctuated slightly,which was slightly higher than economic contribution of the intermediate inputs.And the economic contribution of the urban land expansion was easily replaced by other elements.In comparison,after the “Resource-economical and Environment-friendly Society” experimental zone was established,in the year 2007~2012,the economic contribution of the urban land expansion increased obviously year after year although it was not very high.Similarly,the pull function on the economic growth and the alternative degree between elements were both improved.Because of Wuhan metropolitan area “Resource-economical and Environment-friendly Society” experimental zone’s establishment,each element’s economic contribution had been improved,which make Wuhan metropolitan area become the leader role in economic growth relying on technology progress.Although in Wuhan metropolitan area the economic contribution of the urban land expansion was still low and fluctuated slightly,the economic growth was more intensive and efficient.Additionally,there were more and more cities whose economic development were in a leading level in Hubei province.(4)It can be indicated from comparison about the allocative efficiency of urban land expansion in two research periods: The allocative efficiency of urban land expansion was low and differential distributed in Wuhan metropolitan area.The application of urban land expansion was corresponding to the regional industrial features and resource superiority.What’s more,the factors which affect the allocative efficiency was as following: industrialization,urbanization level,investment level,degree of land market transaction and government tax were positively related to the allocative efficiency,while the non-state-owned economy development level and per capita cultivated land were negatively related.The calculated results as above were slightly lower in the year 2000~2006.However,after the “Resource-economical and Environment-friendly Society” experimental zone was established,in the year 2007~2012,the allocative efficiency of urban land expansion was promoted,so the difference from the average level in Hubei province was obvious decreased.At last,it can be found that the level of industrialization,foreign investment level and degree of land market transaction had more positively related to the allocative efficiency,the non-state-owned economy development level and per capita cultivated land were more negatively related than that in 2000~2006,while the urbanization level and government tax were less positively related.In general,the government need to improve the economic contribution of urban land expansion and the allocative efficiency,so as to make economic development efficient and rapid.Specifically,it should be attached importance to balance the economy development,optimize the industrial structure layout,emphasis on technological progress and advanced workers,improve the participation degree of the urban land expansion on economic growth,and improve the quality of urban land expansion in order to make policy reform.