The Study Of The Effective Supply Of Local Public Goods In The Process Of China's Urbanization

Urbanization is the theme of present and future China's economic and social changes.At present,China's urbanization is in the period of rapid development,and the level of urbanization has surpassed the world average.In the foreseeable future,China will make more brilliant achievements in urbanization development.However,there is an unavoidable reality that China's urbanization development is still in an extensive way.This way of development is unsustainable.It will not only lead to the waste of public resources,but also cause a lot of economic and social problems,which lead to the surge of social conflicts.In fact,the development of urbanization should not only be the expansion of the scale of urbanization,and improvement of the speed,but also more importantly improvement of the quality of urbanization.Therefore,the local governments need to change the way of urbanization through reform to improve the quality of urbanization.Further,taking into account the important reason leading to the extensive development of urbanization in China,it is the blind expenditure of local governments.In pursuit of a higher urbanization target,the local governments tend to ignore the public needs of residents,and invest more financial revenue in infrastructure construction.Therefore,the optimization of the local governments' public expenditure structure is an important part of urbanizaiton.Obviously,it's effective to optimize the expenditure structure by increasing the effective supply of public goods,especially to improve the level of effective supply of education,health care,culture and sports,social security and the like,to meet the inherent needs of urbanization development are an important part.Just in this context,examining the supply of local public goods in the process of urbanization,especially the public demand preferences of the residents and the responsiveness of the local government,and then to provide important policy implications for the new urbanization construction,is necessary.The first chapter is introduction.First of all,from the perspective of development of world urbanization,the development of urbanization in China and the problems it is facing,we introduce the background of this topic,put forward research questions,and illustrate the research significance from the theoretical and practical significance.Secondly,it summarizes the domestic and foreign literatures on urbanization and the supply of local public goods,and makes a brief review.Finally,around the contents of this thesis,we puts forward the research goal and summarizes the difficulties,innovations and shortcomings.The second chapter is general theory analysis of urbanization and supply of local public goods.Firstly,we introduce the definition of urbanization,local public goods,and the effective supply of local public goods.Secondly,we introduce the theory of urbanization development from population migration theory,urbanization theory of ecology school and development theory of urbanization,and discuss the related theory of public goods supply is discussed from the perspective of main provider of local public goods.Finally,from the demand of local public goods and the expenditure behavior of local governments,we analyze the theoretical transmission mechanism of effect of urbanization on the supply of local public goods.The third chapter is the analysis on the current situation of China's urbanization and local public goods supply.First of all,we study China's urbanization respectively using the establishment of new China as the knot.Among them,before the establishment of new China,we introduce the history of China's urbanization in ancient times and modern timens from the early,middle and late of ancient China and modern times.Similarly,after the establishment of new China,we introduce China's urbanization from recovery development stage,fluctuation stage,steady promotion stage and rapid development stage.Secondly,the supply scale of local public goods is analyzed by using the local fiscal expenditure and its proportion from 1952 to 2014,and the supply structure of local public goods is studied in two stages using 2007 as the knot.Finally,the periodic components of urbanization and the supply of local public goods are extracted by penalized splines,and fluctuant characteristics of the two components are observed,and the cross correlation coefficient and rolling correlation coefficient of the two components are calculated to examine the correlation between the two components.The fourth chapter is the analysis on the public demand preferences of residents in the process of urbanization.First,we analyze the demand of residents for local public goods from the demand level of public goods,the demand amount of residents and the influencing factors on local public goods demand.Secondly,we deduce the demand function of public goods under a series of assumptions,and reveal the difference of residents' demand with the influencing factors.Finally,we select the "median" income,tax price,urbanization and other indicators,and apply the simultaneous equations model to estimate the demand function of public goods,and analyze the estimation results.The fifth chapter is the anaylsis on the effectiveness of local public goods based on residents' demand in the process of urbanization.First of all,we analyze the system factors which affect the supply of local public goods by reviewing the reform of China's financial system,and the performance evaluation mechanism of the local government.Secondly,we select the model used in this chapter,and explain the indicators and data sources.Finally,we estimate the equation,analyze the empirical results,and assess the effectiveness of local public goods based on the public demand preferences of residents.The sixth chapter is the main conclusions and policy suggestions.Firstly,from China's urbanization development,the supply structure of local public goods,the demand preferences of residents for local public goods,the match of supply and demand of local public goods and the like,we summarize the main conclusions of this thesis.Secondly,based on the conclusions of this thesis,we put forward some policy suggestions on local government and local finance performing effectively,promoting the "people-oriented" new urbanization and improving the overall welfare level of society.