Research On The Formation Mechanism,Influence Factors & Path Trend On The Development Of Family Farms

In recent years, along with the industrialization, urbanization and agricultural modernization, urban and rural integration process in our countrygradually, many rural surplus labor forces has moved to towns and the number of rural resident fells sharply."386199250" and "ageing" has become a mirror of the agriculture and the countryside,which lead to some sierious questions such as"who to farm?"and "how to farm?"in the future. And these questions have become more and more serious under the background of our tradional small and dispersedland property. What reflect that we urgently need to change the traditional agricultural production and operation mode. And the practice of developed countries and regions tell us that family farms are effective carriers to to realize the agriculture modernization. They are benefit to improving agricultural production efficiency, realizing agricultural sustainable development, and ensuring food safety perfectly. And they are also important means to achieve steady increase in rural incomes,to narrow the gap between urban and rural areas, and to enhance the competitiveness of agricultural products. The development of various agricultural appropriate scale operationers, including the family farms are explicitly proposed to be encouraged since 2013 Central NO. 1 Document.So, what is the family farm? What is the general rule of its formation and development? And how to promote & optimize the development of family farms in our country in the future? With this questions, the paper selected the family farms as the research object,to make empirical and theoretical analysis for probing the formation mechanism, the influence factors,the development path of family farms from the perspective of new institutional economics. It aims to reveal the general regularity of the development of family farms as well as the particularity of the development of Chinese family farms.In this paper, the main conclusions are as follows :(1) We think that the formation of family farms are not inevitable, but the result of joint action of many factors. Among them, the target preference of dominant interest groups, such as national or government are the main thrust in the formation of family farms. The non-dominant interest groups, such as ordinary small farmers who have a demand of farmland circulation, and their target efficiency can be incentive compatibility with the dominant target efficiency is the key for the formation of family farms. And the change of transaction environment for agricultural production is the historical background in the formation of the family farm.(2) The development of family farms will be influenced by both macroscopic transaction environments and microscopic internal factors of organization. From the macroscopic level, the resources endowment environment, institutional environment and market environment has significant impact on the development of family farms , and their influence style are different. Among them, the influence from the resources endowment environment is direct, while others are indirect. From the microscopic level,the personal quality of household, family situation, economic characteristics, the agricultural land resources endowment and whether rented land from others are all have significant impact on the willingness to operate family farms. It shows that the development of family farms will be influenced not only by the external transaction environment factors, but also by the factors of organization itself. Therefore, in order to improve the compatibility degree, thus to promote and optimize the development of family farms on a greater scale, we should improve both the external trade environment and the internal organizational factors at the same time.(3) Family farm is a learning organization; the path of its development is a dynamic process of self study and self evolution. What aims to adapt to the external transaction environment changes, and to reduce transaction cost, and then maximize the target efficiency of the organization. The path trend characteristics of the development of family farm can mainly manifested as following: the strategic adjustment of structural, the expansion of scale, the integrated operation mode, the modernization of management operation, the intensification of resource utilization, the professional personnel quality of the management, and etc. It is worth mentioning that, these trends in the evolution process of a family farm is usually not independent, but blend, also because of this, the development path of family farms is different with the time and space.(4) The key reason that the family farm can become one of the dominant farmland management patterns in the world, and exist in the long term is this pattern can balance the fairness and efficiency timely in the agricultural production and operation. And whatever stages, whatever external transaction environment, this pattern can realize the goal that all related interest groups can be incentive compatibility and multi-win-win from the height of strategy.(5) We put forward some countermeasures and suggestions to optimize the development of our family farms from the angle of increasing the compatible degree between family farms and the transaction environment. Our main opinions are as following. Firstly, we should further reduce the regulation on rural land property rights, to speed up and regulate the circulation of farmland. In order to transfer the farmland to the people who have real intention to engage in the management of family farms, the government should examine and approve extra large scale of farmland circulation strictly and carefully. Secondly, we construct a comprehensive information service integration platform for the family farm based on "the internet +", and give detailed description to the function, the operation way and so on the platform. Thirdly, we think the support policy and its efficiency supervision mechanism of family farms should be actively explored and innovated to improve the precision of the policy and the execution efficiency. Fourthly,we suggest encourage and have access threshold of unofficial rural cooperative financial institutions unfettered moderately, and we think the non-government capital should be encouraged and dedicated into the rural financial mutual cooperation to the development of family farms and other agricultural projects. Fifthly, the agricultural constraint insurance system on the development family farms, similar to the "comprehensive constraint insurance" of the cars should be encouraged,in order to decrease the operational risk of family farms. Sixthly, non-government capitals and the representative of peasants should be encouraged to take part in the agricultural science and technology innovation, in order to realize accurately befit the agriculture, and enhance the fitness of the market and the effectiveness of the agriculture technology progress. Besides these, In order to enhance the quality of the family farm operator, we should put forward new professional farmer qualifications system, and view the qualification certificate as one of the necessary conditions for the registration and a reference to acquire the financial loans of a family farm.The possible innovations in this paper are as following:(1) The paper attempts to put forward a common analysis framework to explain the development of family farms from the perspective of the target efficiency. We made a discussion that why family farms, but not others can be chosen and become the dominant agriculture operation pattern in the world agriculture development history by using this framework. Most of previous research discussed the formation of family farms by contrast the functional advantage or the situation adaptability with the ordinary agriculture households, the by-business agriculture households, the agriculture enterprises,and etc. But the influence of different interest groups' target efficiency preference in the agriculture production organizations to the organizational change, formation and development has been ignored. Compared with the previous research, this paper is distinctive in the research perspective, and gives more thorough cognition on the general rule of the development of family farms.(2) This study trys to establish econometric models respectively from both the macroscopic and the microscopic aspect, and to conduct a comprehensive empirical analysis to probe the factors affecting the development of family farms. Most of previous research, either made empirical analysis combined with the peasant household economic theory and the social psychology theory from micro level, or made theoretical analysis from macro level on the factors affecting the development of family farms?Little empirical analysis based on the new institutional economics theory has been made, and the empirical analysis based on the theory that the development of a organization should be compatible with the transaction environment are less. This dissertation is in part an effort to make up for these deficiencies.(3) We put forward some countermeasures and suggestions to optimize the development of our family farms from the angle of increasing the compatible degree between family farms and transaction environment, by combining with the transaction environment, the government institution supply, and the family farms themselves. For example, the author attempts to build a family farm development integrated information service platform based on "Internet +", and the function of the platform, operation way and so on has been carried on the detailed description.Compared with the previous research, this paper proposed to further enrich the existing theories, and gives more operational, feasibility of reference on the family farm management practices.