| With the global economy integration,the innovation drive has been an important approach for each country to promote its own economy.In China,under the background of implementing synergy development and innovation-driven strategy and in this “new normal” economy,the industry of Zhongguancun Pilot Area is facing challenges and opportunities as well.And,in the wave of innovations at international levels,Zhongguancun Pilot Area undertakes for being the most influential sci-tech innovation center around the global.Thus,it needs to evaluate the innovation system and compare itself with first-class areas home and abroad to find its advantages and disadvantages and then improves itself to become a leading innovation center in the world.Besides,in recent years,due to rapid development of many domestic high-tech parks,the industrial competition becomes more fierce.For instance,Shanghai High-Tech Developmental Zones rise to the high-end;Tianjin High-Tech Developmental Zones expand themselves with increased investments,which creates new competition for the industrial development of Zhongguancun Pilot Area and shakes its leading role in China.Thus,how to grasp present opportunities to enhance industry competitiveness based on the innovation system to deal with challenges both internal and external becomes a burning problem that needs to be solved.Based on the research objective,by reading a large amount of relevant readings,the author classified the basic theories of the research into two categories: synergy innovation theory and ecological innovation theory.In the literature review of synergy innovation theory,the paper gives an introduction about its development and analyzes its affecting factors,such as: the innovative subject,the innovative services part,the innovative guidance part,innovative environment and outcomes.In the section of ecological innovation theory,the paper generalizes its concept and development and expounds the innovation ecosystem from the subjective and factors,structures and boundaries and functions and objectives to further respectively present its theoretical basis from the perspective of evolutionary economics,cooperative competition and the innovation system.Moreover,the author found that scholars pay little attention to dynamics and evolvability of the innovative ecosystem and outcomes on synergy innovation operating mechanism are not systematic to be widely-used.Besides,studies on synergy innovation are only at macro levels without deepening exploration.Thus,the author further explores and studies such aspects.In the third part,the author expounds what the innovative ecosystem of Zhongguancun Pilot Area truly is by borrowing the concept of natural ecology,adding competition and evolution of ecology to the regular content to analyze its present situation.Its innovative ecosystem is rich in structure with the sound industrial development.And,Zhongguancun Pilot Area imbues itself with system complexity by showing multi-factors,integrity and multi-level of one area with 16 parks,openness of innovative resources sharing and variety of industries and forms during different periods.The factors of it include the government,universities,research institutions,enterprises,the intermediate investment service agency and innovative environment and resources all of which correlates with each other.The whole system structure is influenced by the distance between populations,sophistication and the degree of synergism.The structural evolution manifests synergism and stability.At the regional level,it integrates knowledge resources from well-known universities such as Tsinghua and Peking University and research institutions with policy advantages from the government to achieve the synergistic effect on distinctive regional innovative industries of “ one area,16 parks”;at the domestic level,the expansion of the brand,techniques and platform is actively continued to lead to the national-wide innovative development while building a Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei innovative community;at the international level,the long-term relationship was established with 20 districts of scientific and technological innovation of many countries,which means that its role as a hub in the global innovative networks becomes increasingly important.Based on the previous analysis,by studying cases of expert interviews and typical synergistic innovation home and abroad,the key innovation-driven elements have been summarized according to its affecting factors.By the market promotion,leading policies and environmental support,there are 7 types of affecting factors of synergistic innovation of Zhongguancun innovative ecosystem.They are respectively R&D ability of innovative subjective part,activeness of innovative services part,driven forces of the innovative guidance part,richness of innovative ecology,stability of basic environment,obvious effects on innovative expansion and prominence of innovative outcomes.Based on these 7 types,there are 24 specific items.Under the model of several key driven-factors,the data are collected by questionnaires and the factor,reliability and confirmatory factor analysis is conducted.Then,12 assumptions are made by the applied structural equation model to establish the original model.Based on the qualified model,the operational mechanism of driven-factors of Zhongguancun synergistic innovation is obtained by analyzing the interplay of those factors and ruling out insignificant ones.The author adopts the method from system dynamics to construct a flow chart,pose assumptions and design equations according to 12 state variables,10 rate variables and 29 instrumental ones of synergistic innovation system of Zhongguancun.Then,historical data of Zhongguancun pilot area are collected from 2010 to 2015 to simulate and test the model.Based on the correctness of the model,the simulation result is used to examine theoretical assumptions.The result shows that the driven forces of the innovative guidance part promote R&D ability of innovative subjective part,activeness of innovative services part,richness of innovative ecology and obvious effects on innovative expansion.Those parts together form a network and correlate with each other to enhance innovative ability of the whole system.The latter part of the paper specifically analyzes synergistic innovation ecosystem of Zhongguancun and compares the maturity level of it with that of typical Sci-tech parks of 32 provinces in mainland of China.Due to the features of objects and outcomes and shortcomings of present studies,the author establishes SRFE where includes species,relations,function and evolution,these four aspects in the first-class index.And,it includes 13 second-class and 33 third-class indexes.Based on entropy,the grey relational analysis is applied to calculate the index system.According to the calculation,there are vertical explorations and cross-sectional studies on objects.From the perspective of the time dimension,the innovative ecosystem of Zhongguancun becomes increasingly mature and it is continually improved.Based on economic and policy environment,Zhongguancun Sci-Tech park is shifted away from technical application to knowledge output and technological diffusion.Since 2010,the industry of Zhongguancun Sci-Tech park has been promoted by high value-added technologies rather than by scales.As for the comparison of spatial dimension,through an analysis on the species index,Zhongguancun Pilot Area is found to be the front-runners among domestic areas with its richness,dominance and activeness.However,compared with others,its richness is not so obvious because its index is close to that of Zhangjiang and Shenzhen.The index of its dominance is 10 percent higher than that of Zhangjiang and Shenzhen which are in leading places in China.Meanwhile,the advantage of activeness is more significant which illustrates that there is a strong innovative atmosphere and fast pace of operation in Zhongguancun Pilot Area.Through analyzing the relational index system,it was found that the domestic relational index of Zhongguancun Pilot Area is much higher than that of other areas in China in 2015,showing the strong industry-pull effect and a close connection with other economies,particularly the promotion of the development of BeijingTianjin-Hebei in coordination.Through analyzing the functional index system,due to species with innovative capabilities,it is found that the performance of knowledge output and technology diffusion is better than other areas,such as Zhangjiang,Binjiang,Xi?an and Shenzhen which are all in the leading place.However,when talking about technology introduction,Zhongguancun is left behind,compared with Tianjin,Zhangjinag and Binjiang,which manifests that Zhongguancun is increasingly falling behind in technology introduction.Through analyzing the evolutionary index system,it is found that the outcome of the brand output of Zhongguancun Pilot Area is outstanding and the technology industry income is the national front-runner with active technology exchanges.As for the resource allocation,Zhongguancun occupies the leading position.While concerned with stability,its performance is run-of-the-mill.Besides,the debt asset ratio of Zhongguancun high-tech enterprises is at a medium or high level which indirectly reflects activeness of financial institutions in Zhongguancun Pilot Area.Suggestions are proposed to synergistic innovation of Zhongguancun ecosystem based on conclusions in the author.At the pilot area level,industrial clusters should be high-end,inputs of innovation resources optimized,entrepreneurial ecosystem improved and industry environment with multi-centers established;at the domestic level,the area expansion should be continued to help the development of BeijingTianjin-Hebei in coordination;at the international level,industry and technology exchanges should be increased and relevant cooperation deepened.In all,the author aims to provide correspondent references for macro decisions of the government,optimization of management of Sci-Tech parks and innovation boost. |
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