The Research On Land Circulation Patterns At The Present Stage In China

Since the beginning of the new century,especially 18 th National Congress of the Communist Party of China,land management right system becomes focused to further rural reform.This reform,namely rural land circulation,is on the premise of voluntariness of farmers,on the basis of stability of household contract responsibility system,in light of “the division of ownership,contractual right,and right of management”.This paper studies rural land circulation patterns.Compared with other academic researches about rural land circulation patterns,this paper is characterized as the bases on Marx's land rent theory,property rights theory,nationalization theory and the theory of marxism land,mainly by field research methods such as questionnaire and interview,conducting the objective,comprehensive analysis and evaluation about the production,the experience and the deficiencies of the existing land circulation patterns,and finally presenting the bottom line,objectives,and ways of land circulation patterns.The full text is divided into five parts: the first part is the introduction,mainly analyzing the research background of land circulation patterns,demonstrating theoretical and practical significances of researches on land circulation patterns,explaining domestic and foreign researches on land circulation,and illustrating objectives and significances of this research.The second part explains the theoretical foundation f of rural land circulation patterns.On the basis of defining the related concepts,the paper mainly focuses on land rent theory,property right theory,land nationalization theory from the classical Marxist authors,collective ownership theory of Mao Zedong,“Two Leaps” idea of Deng Xiaoping's,and “the division of ownership,contractual right,and right of management” principle of Xi Jinping.The third part tells the rise of China's rural land circulation.Mainly from household contract responsibility system faced with decreasing comparativegains and its changed survival environment which mean the end of shortage economy,this paper analyses institutional,social and economic reasons for the rise of China's rural land circulation.Meanwhile,from the beginning of the implementation of household contract responsibility system for “large production households” and state farms to spontaneous practice of land circulation,this paper demonstrates historical and realistic bases of land circulation.The fourth part introduces pattern analysis.As the focus of this paper,this part from the perspectives of farmers and the government,divides the existing land circulation patterns into general(or common)and typical(or special)patterns.First,for farmers,this paper collates the general or common pattern of land circulation,rental and contract after rental,transfer or subcontract,swap,investment and shares,trust,etc.On the basis of comparative analysis,it is found that the most obvious feature of general or common land circulation patterns is that farmers initiated,and voluntarily carried on patterns.Certainly,there are some flaws,such as the change of farmland use.Second,from the perspective of rural basic-level government,the author finds out three most typical examples,the government-led Yangling land circulation pattern,Yiyang land circulation pattern guided by the government,and Ancun land circulation pattern dominated by collectivity.In the process of field research and paper writing,the author deeply felt that the biggest characteristic of the three land circulation patterns is that government involvement plays an irreplaceable role.But there are some deficiencies,for instance,farmers' income is not obviously and stably increasing.The fifth part is about the governance of the rural land circulation patterns.According to the deficiencies or limitations of Chinese rural land circulation patterns,the part explains basis governing measures of rural land circulation patterns specifically.First,“four treatment bottom lines” of the rural land circulation patterns should stand fast,adherence to the rural collective land ownership,to arable land minimum,to advancement of grainproduction capacity,and to respecting farmers' will and safeguarding farmers' rights;“three governing objectives” of the rural land circulation pattern should be kept,which is to adhere to the modernization of agriculture,rural areas and farmers,to persevere in the rural governance innovation,to keep increasing farmers' income and social stability;“three ways of governance” of the rural land circulation pattern should also be utilized,namely,government guidance,measures adjusted to local conditions,and enterprise management.