A Study On City,Urbanity,and Urban Landscape In The Perspective Of Tourist Gaze

The importance of the city in the tourist destination system is no doubt.Urban tourism has become an "extremely important form of tourism throughout the world"(Ashworth&Page,2011).However,in the actual urban tourism development,due to the lack of scientific knowledge of the guidance,which inevitably has always stressed the economic interests.Political and capital forces filled with the production process of the urban tourism space.The research results of urban tourism at home and abroad are more about the research on the government management and the spatial structure of urban tourism,which neglects the subject of urban tourists.This study suggests that urban tourists are the main body of urban tourism activities.Only the positive identity and experience form urban tourists can make the sustainable development of urban tourism is possible.Therefore,the relationship between tourists and the city has become an urgent problem in the study of urban tourism.This study takes urban tourists as the research object,and uses ’tourist gaze’ as the theoretical analysis tool to make a new judgment and interpretation on the connotation of the concept of ’tourist city’,’ubanity’,’meaning world’ and ’urban landscape’,taking depth interview,network text,questionnaire survey and other ways to collect research data,using grounded theory and quantitative research to deeply analysis,accessing to the basic information of urban tourists,and exploring the preferences and recognition of tourist experience of urban landscape.The specific content of this article can be divided into the following six chapters:The first chapter,as an introduction,raises the question,which aims to lay the foundation for the whole study.Through the introduction of the research background,combing the domestic and foreign research trends and shortcomings in the field of urban tourism,it is pointed out that the relationship between tourists and the city is an important subject of urban tourism research.And the research significance,research ideas and selected research methods are established,also explained the possible innovations of this study.In the second chapter,the author introduces the concept of ’tourist gaze’ combs the concept of ’tourist gaze’ and puts forward the real connotation of ’tourist gaze’,and finds the consistency of ’tourist gaze’ and ’tourist experience’.And on this basis,this study puts forward the research framework of this study,explore the main line of the study of urban tourist experience:tourist city,urbanity,meaning world and urban landscape.In the third chapter,the author briefly combs the historical changes of the city and the historical evolution of the urban essentialism,analyzes the enlightenment of urban consciousness in the contemporary world,and puts forward the concept of ’tourist city’which exists in the ’tourist gaze’ of the ’city’ directly into a ’tourist city’,and its connotation and characteristics are described.The fourth chapter starts with the ’urbanity’ and ’the meaning world of the urban tourists’,and studies the experience relationship between the tourists and the cities.On the basis of ’tourist city’ from the last chapter,this study explores the features of ’tourist city’-’urbanity’.This ’tourist city’ is influenced by the ’gaze’ of the tourists,so the other part of this chapter focuses on the common points and changing characteristics of the urban tourist meaning world.The fifth chapter studies the ’urban landscape’.Firstly,through the qualitative analysis of the grounded theory and the quantitative factorsand clusters,the tourist preference of the urban landscape is summarized,and the correlation between the urban landscape and the tourist’s identity is discussed,and the relation between urban tourism and the existence of the meaning of of tourists is proved.Chapter 6 is the conclusion of this study.In addition to elaborating and summarizing the main points of this study,research deficiencies and research prospects are also proposed.This study draws the following conclusions:(1)The application of the theory of ’tourist gaze’ involves the symbolic representation of the real world,and also involves the metaphysical desire and meaning of the tourists.In this process,how do tourists choose the landscape,how to go beyond the landscape into the world of the meaning?’Tourist gaze’has been unsolved in the academic community,has long been with the "vision","power" and other sociological metaphor linked.Such a special process of ’from thing to meaning’ has been ignored by the researchers.Many researchers,including Urry himself,are rhetoric on this issue,although they can understand that Urry wants to reach the grand theory.Therefore,the connotation of the concept of ’tourist gaze’ is the basis and prerequisite of this study.On the basis of combing the concept of ’tourism gaze’ and explaining the dilemma,the connotation of four dimensions is reconstructed meaning the world,multi-sensory body,tourist symbols and landscape,’discipline’ and ’subject’.This is the first conclusion of this paper.(2)Through the theory of ’tourist gaze’,this study found that tourists faced by the’gaze’ of the city is not a real city,is ’collaged’ by a number of landscape symbols of the real city.On the basis of this study,this paper puts forward the new view of ’tourist city’,’tourist city’ is not the real city,but exists in the tourist consciousness because of ’tourist gaze’.’Tourist City’is the essence of a perceptual city,is the products after the perception and emotion blend in the first time.And the proposed of this concept provides a new way of thinking for the follow-up study.This is the second conclusion of this paper.(3)The ’tourist city’,which stayed in the tourist consciousness,directly determines that the ’urbanity’ in urban tourism research can not directly borrow the existing research results in the field of sociology,economics and geography,but should realize that under the ’tourist gaze’,’tourist city’ has its own characteristics,and this feature is ’urbanity’.Therefore,this study summarizes five kinds of ’urbanity’ from the interviews and travel blogs:the diversity and the whole;the place spirit;the emotional utopia;the placeness;the limited.This is the third conclusion of this paper.(4)meaning is determining the ’tourist gaze’,and it is the highest principle,but also the ultimate goal of urban tourists.In general,these meanings have the following four dimensions:First,urban tourism for tourists means that the other world apart from the daily life.In the view of tourists,daily life is a world of repetitive,boring,interpersonal indifference,depressed,and because of its inherent "transcendence",urban tourism must be different from the daily life;Second,the biggest difference between the urban tourism and other types of tourism may be lies in the liberation of ’body pleasure’.Only in the city,the tourist’s body pleasure and desire can achieve the full range of extreme and satisfied;third,because the urban culture is rich and the characterization of human activities,so the urban tourists get the aesthetic experience is also a matter of course;Finally,in the ’tourist gaze’ process,part of the city tourists are concerned about self-identity and self-realization,the city provides more tourists the opportunity to self-try and challenge.This is the fourth conclusion of this study.(5)When the ’meaning’ back to the ’tourist gaze’,’urban landscape’ as the channel of the meaning word will have a significant research value.Like the ’tourist city’,the ’urban landscape’ in this study also returns to the tourist consciousness,and thus distinguishing with the reality of the landscape.In this paper,four conclusions are found in this study:①The urban landscape is both structural and social,and random,and its randomness supports the ’tourist gaze’ and ②urban landscape is the path of the meaning of the world,the purpose of tourism is to leave the landscape into the meaning of the world;?the’tourist gaze’ to ’urban landscape often showes a kind of resistance;④the ’gaze’approach of urban landscape is divided into two kinds:material owners and flaneur,which are also the two ways to get the city pleasure and beauty.In this paper,we find that:①describe the ’landscape preference’ and ’meaning identity’ of urban tourists with the three-dimensional structure of clustering,and the ’landscape preference’ can be used to study the relationship between urban tourists’ landscape preference and experience identity.’Meanig’ can include three dimensions:’life value’,’material desire’ and ’cultural accomplishment’,which are divided into three dimensions:active ’gaze’ landscape,passive ’gaze’landscape and ’alienation’landscape.②There is a significant positive correlation between landscape preference and meaning identity.The three dimensions of landscape preference affect the three dimensions of meaning identity through both parallel and crossed interactions.The new perspective and characteristics of this paper are the study of urban tourism from the microcosmic perspective of tourists,which is different from the macroscopic or mesoscopic research perspective in the study of urban tourism.’Tourist gaze’ perspective of the intervention,both clear the process of tourism from the perception to the meaning of the process of generating the world,but also highlights the essence of tourism is beyond the real world of the spirit.This study found that the concepts of ’city’,’tourist city’ and"urbanity" which all have different connotations from the existing research.This study draws at least three aspects:First,this study draws on the relevant literature at home and abroad,and relies on the qualitative data,trying to dig out the concept of ’tourist city’,’urbanity’ and other concepts connotation,But I am confined to the weak theoretical speculation and knowledge structure,so there are some difficulties in the logical reasoning,so the research data processing and analysis is not in place,the analysis is not clear.Second,although this study takes a grounded theoretical approach to analyze the ’urban landscape’ of the ’gaze’ structure,and as much as possible to draw the structural characteristics,but also because of the lack of personal ability,so the analysis is not thorough and thorough,need to think further.Thirdly,this study adopts the issue and collection of network questionnaires.Because of the particularity of age,education level and occupation structure of Internet users,there must have some defects in this sample on the reperesentativeness of the large-scale urban tourists.