| City is a gathering place where people work,live,and consume,the core area for human economic activities and a hub for integration with the global economy.With the rapid development of urbanization,urban diseases are to be on the rise such as traffic jams,environmental degradation,serious resource waste and descending running efficiency,so the reasonable layout of city space is beneficial to reduce the harm of urban diseases.Commercial space is the most central functional elements in urban space,which is closely associated with the life consumption of citizens.Therefore,this paper focuses on the evolution rule of spatial structure for urban retail business.Taking the urban area of Changsha as an example case and retail business as a research object,this paper studies the scale of commercial network for various formats and rationality and evolution rule of geographical distribution,the relationship of the scale of commercial network for various formats and regional distribution with population(housing)distribution as well as main factors and mechanism of action that promote the evolution of commercial spatial structure,which provides theory gist for the scientific development of urban commercial spatial structure.Based on the particular introduction of Changsha city development and retail commercial development and starting from the analysis of meeting the spatial structure evolution of urban retail business,datum that are formats properties,scale and spatial position of each commercial network,the location of each street,the number of residents and housing suits,and travel time of walking,riding,cars and public transports from streets to each commercial network in 2000,2005 and 2015 respectively are surveyed,and the missing datum are better estimated.On this basis,the paper separately researches the scale of commercial network and evolution of geographical distribution,rationality evaluation of commercial network and dynamic mechanism of commercial spatial structure evolution.In the aspect of evolution analysis between scale of commercial network and geographical distribution,this paper uses statistical analysis and trend analyzing method to reveal evolution properties and differences of the scale of commercial network and geographical distribution through analyzing the scale of commercial network of various formats(or all formats)each year and geographical distribution comparatively.Then,this paper proposes deviation analysis method of centre-of-gravity(centre)position for commercial network of various formats(or all formats)each year and centre-of-gravity position of population(housing),estimates the degree of coincidence of scale(geographical)distribution of commercial network and population(housing)distribution,and compares and analyzes the degree of coincidence in various situations to reveal the degree of coincidence and evolution rule of scale(geographical)distribution for commercial network and population(housing)distribution.In the aspect of rationality evaluation of commercial network scale,with the help of extension of Huff model,this paper presents the estimating method for demand scale of commercial network,and then it puts forward deviation analysis method of real scale and demand scale of commercial network.It calculates the demand scale of commercial network based on population size of each street and housing units,and real scale and demand scale of commercial network of various formats(or all formats)each year are conducted relative deviation analysis.Finally,it estimates the overplus or deficiency of real scale in terms of commercial network of various formats(or all formats)each year.In the aspect of rationality evaluation of commercial network layout,with the help of reverse extension of Huff model,this paper presents the deviation analysis method for distribution of per capita shopping resources.It calculates the per capita shopping resources in each residential area,standard deviation,and the difference between per capita shopping resources in each residential area of various formats and per capita shopping resources of whole area.Then determines the overplus or deficiency of the shopping resources.Finally,it estimates the rationality value of commercial network layout.In the aspect of dynamic mechanism of commercial spatial structure evolution,the paper analyzes the main factors in detail that influences spatial structure evolution of retail business,including fundamental power and other factors.The fundamental power consists of government guidance,market selection and consumption demand,and other factors are mainly divided into transformation of city function,urban transportation and shopping travel time,commercially functional differentiation,online retail market and so on.In addition,it proposes a fuzzy classification method of evaluating the development status of business center,which is used to plan the specify radius fuzzy classification of business centre and evaluate the development level of business center;it also presents a spatial clustering analysis used for calculating quantities of gather clusters and the sum of scale for commercial network,and further determines whether new business center has been formed,which will provide support for the layout planning of commercial network for a new phase.Finally,the evolution rule of spatial structure for retail business in various cities attained from the research is summarized and concluded from the aspects of layout evolution of commercial center,evolution of commercial forms,degree of coincidence of commercial network distribution with population(housing)distribution and shopping travel time characteristics.Based on detailed and accurate data,with a combination of qualitative and quantitative analysis methods,the paper obtains evolution rule of commercial spatial structure,which has directive significance on the optimization of commercial spatial structure in cities. |
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