The Field Phenomenon Of Tourist Experience:from The Perspective Of Performance

"Tourist field" is one of the important sub-categories in the study of tourist experience.Although the existing literature from the domestic and international tourism research has already discussed on many questions related to the tourist field,and some scholars have put forward the concept of "tourist field",the academic community has not reached a consensus on the concept of "tourist field".Under the circumstances,this article chooses "tourist field" as the research theme.On the one hand,from the phenomenon of tourist experience and the existing literature,this research tries to answer why it is necessary to study "tourist field" and redefine the concept of "tourist field".On the other hand,we try to explore the essential characteristics of the tourist field,the characteristics of time and space experience and the rules of the movement in the tourist field,establish the conceptual framework of the analysis of the tourist field,decode the occurrence of the high quality tourist experience,and provide a practical solution for the theoretical analysis and practical operation.This study adopts the method of qualitative research and quantitative research.It mainly adopts the method of grounded theory,participative observation and questionnaire survey.It mainly collects data from books,travelogues,videos,photos,observation,structured and semi-structured interviews and questionnaires.In the process of the research,qualitative data and quantitative data are combined together in order to get a deep understanding of the research object.The dissertation is divided into five parts,a total of eight chapters.The contents and conclusions of each part are as follows:The first part includes the first chapter,which explains the basic questions such as the topic selection,the research significance,the research method and the innovation point,thus lay the foundation for the whole research.The second part includes the second chapter.This part systematically combs the development of the performance turn in tourism research and reflects on it.First,the meaning of the English word "performance" and its corresponding Chinese word "??"is examined in the respective language system,and the differences between them are compared and the connotation of "performance" in the western tourism performance is explained.Secondly,the theoretical basis of the performance turn is combed as well as the existing results,the development of the context and the core point of view of the turn.Finally,the inspiration of the performance turn is pointed out,thus induces the research theme.This part of the study found that "performance"as an English word has rich meanings,and the Chinese corresponding "??" can not be completely docked with each other,resulting in the metaphor of "performance" in the English context partially fails in the Chinese context.Therefore,we should look for an alternative word that can express the remaining unexpressed meaning.So as to bridge the gap caused by the conversion of the two language systems,highlighting the embodiment,relevance,and dynamics of the "performance".And "tourist field" is the best choice.The concept of "tourist field" precisely covers the features highlighted by"performance",and "tourist field" is a word with profound meanings.The third part includes the third chapter.First of all,the idea of "field" in physics,psychology and philosophy is combed;the existing literature on tourist field is reviewed.On the basis of this,the concept of tourist field is reconstructed and its essential characteristics are pointed out.Secondly,the analysis framework of the tourist field research is pointed out.Finally,the state structure of the tourist field is described.In this dissertation,the tourist field is defined as the contextualized phenomenon space which is constructed throught the embodiment performance of tourists.The most basic characteristics of the tourist field is embodiment,specifically in four aspects:First,body-centered.Second,body-related.Third,multi-sensory.Fourth,continuity existence and discontinuous memory presentation.This dissertation suggests that the spatial and temporal characteristics of the tourist field can be analyzed by three spacial levels of physical space,body space and relational space and two temporal levels of time direction and time speed.And the tourist field is considered as a dynamic process constituted by field fragments and field fragment-transitions.The fourth part includes the fourth,fifth and sixth chapters,and explores the field fragments and field fragment-transitions that make up the tourist field.The fourth chapter discusses the types of tourist field fragments,as well as the formation of field experience.Chapter 5 explores the time experience in the tourist field segment.Chapter 6 explores the ways of the formation of the tourist field segment.In terms of the type of field fragments,according to different criteria can be divided into fixed field fragments and continuous field fragments;positive field fragments and negative field fragments;internal dramatic field fragments and external dramatic field fragments.The field experience gained by the tourists in different tourist fragments has two orientations:inward orientation and outward orientation.It can be divided into three types,the first type is the inward field experience,the second type is the outward field experience related to foreign objects,the third type is the outward field experience related to others.The formation of the field experience is the result of the combination of multiple factors as follows:the solid factor included with artificial and natural objects,the dynamic atmosphere factor included with the man-made atmosphere and the object-made atmosphere,the behavior factor included with other people's behavior,interactive behavior of tourists and non-interactive behavior of tourists,pre-existing factor included with pre-impression and experience comparison,event factor and present status factor.Through the quantitative study,the dissertation finds that the proportion of the inward field experience is larger and grows with age,the body and landscape related factors are the most important factors as to the tourist experience,the inward field experience and outward field experience have a significant difference on the evaluation of the "personal involvement" factor,the inward field experience's evaluation on the importance of the body-related factors is generally higher than that of the outward field experience,the sense of time of the tourist field is mainly related with the life course of tourists.Through the analysis of the time dimension of the tourist field,this dissertation finds that the time of the tourist field is the time that the tourists experience.The time direction in the tourist field can be sensed through two channels:one is the individual experience of the tourist,through this channel time points to the different periods of the tourist's life course or other reference time related to the individual known by the tourists;the second is the collective experience,through this channel time points to the collectively identified social,history and culture related time.From the aspect of the physical space,time direction can be roughly divided into past,present and future,or can be distinguished by historical periods.From the aspect of the body space,time direction is also reflected individually and collectively.In the relational space,tourists and destinations establish a variety of associations,and thus generate a variety of time directions existed in three ways:one-way time,double-time juxtaposition and mixed time co-existence.The speed of time in the tourist field is obtained through the physical state of the body or the movement of the foreign objects,presented as a continuous continuum with a speed of zero in one extreme and an infinite speed in another extreme.Three states are discovered:accelerated time state,decelerated time state and timeless state.This dissertation also found that memorable tourist experience can only be created when tourists and physical spaces relate with each other.The two basic ways of establishing the relationship between tourists and the material space are"taking in by others" and "self-immersion"."Taking in by others" includes two ways:narrative and interpersonal interaction."Narrative" can be divided into oral narrative,graphic narrative,behavioral narrative and music narrative."Self-immersion"includes sensory manoeuvre,positive wandering,shift of body schema and leaving traces.Sensory manoeuvre can be subdivided into sensory stimulation and sensory deprivation;positive wandering can be subdivided into two ways:one is aspiration of imagination and association,the other is touch of past experience and knowledge;shift of body schema can be subdivided into changing habitus and changing the visual threshold.The fifth part consists of the seventh chapter,which is the conclusion of this study.In addition to elaborating and summarizing the main points of this study,research deficiencies and research prospects are also proposed.The innovation of this research mainly includes:first,this dissertation amends the existing concept of tourist field and promotes the theoretical study on the tourist field.Tourist field is one of the most important areas involved in the tourist experience,but people's understanding of the tourist field is still in its infancy.The nature,characteristics,type and movement of the tourist field are to be explored in depth.This dissertation will promote the development of the theory.Second,this dissertation re-examines the tourist space and regards it as a phenomenon space occurred in the interaction the body of tourists and the physical space.The existing research mainly regards tourist attractions as an objective existence of space.This article breaks through the fixed thought and provides a new interpretation to tourist space.Third,this dissertation studies the tourist field from the perspective of performance.There is a performance turn in the mainstream of tourism study,and scholars have used this perspective to study many aspects in tourism,but no one study the tourist field from this perspective,and that is an innovation in the selection of perspective.The shortcomings of this study are:firstly,this study draws on relevant literature at home and abroad,and relies on qualitative data,trying to reconstruct the concept of tourist field,but due to the limited academic ability and knowledge structure,the concepts and results of the study is to be improved.Secondly,although this study establishes a theoretical analysis framework for the tourist field,the dissertation only deals with the field fragment which is the core of the tourist field.Although the field fragment-transition is an organic part of the tourist field and has an important impact on the overall effect,it is not discussed in this dissertation.Thirdly,the quantitative data collection in this study is distributed through the Internet.The study adopts the snowball sampling method,which will lead to the limitation of age,educational standard and occupation structure to a certain extent,thus the representation of the samples may not be particularly significant.In addition,the data mining should be further strengthened.