The Political Economics Research On China's Rural Ecological Environment In The View Of Green Development

Since it began reform and opening 40 years ago,China has made a remarkable miracle in economy development,with constant growth at high and medium high speeds.In the meantime,an extensive development model of economy,at the cost of resource and natural environment,has caused critical damage and pollution in ecology,while countryside is one of severely polluted areas.The rural pollution,caused in countryside itself and transferred from urban areas,has not only restrained rural economic development,but also threatened constant and healthy economic development nationwide.This paper started from the view of Green Development,to study the root of rural ecological problems on the basis of Marxist Political Economics research paradigm,as well as explore possible solutions.Such a study is expected to have importance in both theory and practice.Based on the summary of Marx's ecological thought and the theory of urban-rural relationship,this paper has taken the interest analysis in Marxist Political Economics as the point of penetration,to form a common political economics analysis frame composed of 4 aspects including interest structure transform,stakeholder behaviour adjustment,institutional arrangement standardization,and motivate mechanism in a succession,for the deep study of origins that have caused rural ecological problems.From the 4 aspects separately,this paper has interpreted the internal mechanism and causes for rural ecological deterioration and environmental pollution.Furthermore,this paper has also adopted Chinese provincial panel data to conduct empirical study on the influencing factors for both rural self-pollution and urban-rural pollution transfer.In the end,this paper has offered suggestive policies to solve rural ecological problems on the basis of the above theoretical and practical studies.The conclusions of this paper are as follows:(1)Rural ecological destruction and environment pollution are the behaviour choices of economic entities for self interest maximization under certain institutional frame and motivation mechanism.Essentially,they are problems within political economics.(2)Internal interest demand is the key factor that drives both rural self pollution and urban-rural pollution transfer.The fininteness of economic resources has forced farmers to make choices between economic interests and enviro nmental interests,long-term interests and short-term interests,as well as collective interests and individual interests.In the interest competition between urban and rural areas,the gradient in economic development has driven the exchange of rural environmental interests for urban economic interests.The better developed urban areas has stronger policy influence which allows them to plunder environmental interest from rural areas via exchange and forcible occupation.(3)Economic entities' behaviour choices for interest maximization is the primary cause for rural environment decline.Unreasonable familial consumption habits have led to consumption alienation;highly pollutive production modes of enterprises have led to production alienation;and inappropriate administration of local government has caused development alienation.The championship-like competition between local governments and their self-responsible financial regulations have caused their preference for economic interests over environmental and urban areas over rural.The growing environmental standards and labor costs in urban areas have forced high-pollution enterprises out to rural areas.Rural enterprises transport clean products to urban areas,while the pollutants generated during production are left in rural areas.(4)Rational institutional arrangements are the premise for rural ecological protection and environmental improvement,in another word,the key of green transformation in rural areas lies in the establishment of a matching institutional system.For long,the supply of environmental regulations has been in shortage,especially in rural areas,where environmental protection always goes behind both economic development and urban environmental protection.(5)Motivation mechanism design is directing force for rural ecological problems in the view of green development,since motivation mechanism is the key to people's initiative when they act according to a collection of right behavioral choices.Even if people act as regulated and individual interests are consistent with collective interests,economic entities' initiative in action still has impact on the scale and efficiency of economic and social development,and motivation mechanisms are designed to guarantee peoples' activeness in behavioral choices.New points of view this paper: First,bring ecological problems into the field of economical development study,treating the internal mechanism and solutions for rural ecological destruction and environmental pollution in the view of green development.Second,construct a political economics analysis frame for rural ecological problems.Third,study rural ecological problems in terms of both rural self-pollution and urban-rural pollution transfer,conducting a comprehensive and systematic research over the deep causes of rural ecological problems.