Study On The Characteristics Of Rural Environmental Pollution In Mountainous Areas

China is a large agricultural country,but agricultural production activities already had a negative impact on the rural environment.The rural environmental pollution problem is becoming increasingly prominent,and the non-point source pollution is serious.Recently,under the strong national pollution control measures,governance of rural environment has achieved certain results.However,due to poor economic conditions in the remote and montane rural areas,environmental protection issues in these areas have not received sufficient attention.No systematic investigations have been conducted on the problem of rural pollution sources in such remote and impoverished villages.To fully implement the Party Central Committee's requirements for improving rural environment,this study selected Yanhe town in Chengkou county as the representative mountain village,and carried out a survey and research on the source of pollution in Yanhe town in Chengkou county.Then,the soil,water and air in the study area were sampled and analyzed to understand the current environmental pollution in mountainous village.And finally,the existing environmental analysis models were used to analyze the rural environmental problems of Yanhe Township.Hopefully,suggestions and countermeasures can be provided to improve the rural environment in the mountainous area.The results of this study are as follows:(1)Due to the special social,economic and natural environment in the mountain area,the land has a strong ability to absorb the pollution resulting from aquaculture industry,but excessive application of chemical nitrogen fertilizers may cause a risk of non-point source pollution in this area.(2)The content of heavy metals in the mountainous rural environment is relatively low.The available phosphorus in the land surrounding with breeding industry is extremely high,while the remaining land and water have normal phosphorus content.The air quality in this area are some kind of excellent However,due to the excessive application of nitrogen fertilizers,the available nitrogen in the soil and the total nitrogen in the water are both high.The risk of eutrophication of water bodies and non-point source pollution already exists in the entire mountainous rural area.(3)The environmental pollution sources in rural areas mainly come from domestic pollution and agricultural production.In terms of output of pollutions,domestic pollution contributes significantly to COD and ammonia nitrogen;planting industry pollution contributes significantly to total nitrogen,total nitrogen,and ammonia nitrogen;the aquaculture industry accounts for a large proportion of COD pollution.When pollutants flow into rivers,agricultural production(planting and breeding)pollution are the main sources of total nitrogen,total phosphorus,and COD,and domestic pollution sources are the main sources of ammonia nitrogen.This study proposes the following recommendations for the governance of rural environment in mountainous areas:(1)Reducing input of nitrogen fertilizer.Agricultural nitrogen fertilizer input is the main source of pollution of surface water in Yanhe towns,which has begun to affect the quality of water.Therefore,the level of fertilization should be improved,efficient fertilizers should be promoted,weight loss and medicine reduction,and organic fertilizer should be promoted to reduce nitrogen fertilizer input.(2)Promoting green and efficient agricultural production models.As the rural population shifts to the towns,the rural left-behind population is aging,the land use efficiency is reduced,and the diversity of agricultural products is reduced.It is necessary to make full use of the development opportunity of poverty alleviation and rural revitalization,and to develop a better agricultural development pattern with the guidance of environmental protection.(3)Strengthening waste recycling.Agricultural wastes are processed with harmless technology.The wastes should be utilized locally to reduce the input of pollution to the environment.In terms of agricultural non-point source pollution control measures,it is necessary to establish the source control measurement,focus on the pollution control of planting industry,and vigorously promote activities of organic substitution and comprehensive utilization of agricultural waste.