Analysis Of The Impact And Choice Of Carbon Tax Policy And Carbon Transaction Policy Based On The Perspective Of Logistics Optimization

With the rapid economic growth,the greenhouse effect leading to global warming has become increasingly prominent,which seriously threatens the survival and development of human beings.According to the Stern Report,carbon emissions from logistics distribution account for 14% of global carbon emissions.Fuel consumption accounts for about 34% of the total consumption in China's logistics industry,carbon emissions account for about 19% of the total carbon emissions in China,and energy consumption costs have accounted for 40% or even 80% of the cost of logistics enterprises.As a high energy consumption and high pollution industry,logistics industry bears the inescapable responsibility of energy saving and emission reduction.In terms of reducing logistics costs and developing green logistics,multi-modal transportation plays an extremely important role.Multi-modal transportation is a form of transportation organization that uses two or more different transportation modes.Its goal is to integrate the advantages of various transportation modes in order to achieve optimal performance.Multi-modal transportation has the characteristics of low price,high efficiency and environment friendliness,and can bring remarkable benefits to enterprises.However,in China,the transportation capacity among road,railway,waterway,and air transportation is very poor,and more than 80% of cargo transportation still only depends on road,resulting in high logistics costs.On one hand,in view of the logistics system constrained by regional mandatory carbon emission reduction(e.g.supply chain with logistics enterprises as the core),this research is aim at optimizing the mechanism of logistics intermodal transportation,and choosing the optimal distribution scheme about transportation modes,vehicles and transportation routes based on two performance criteria: economic benefit(transportation cost)and green benefit(carbon emission or energy consumption)in complex logistics network with multi-attribute sections(which have important influence on the decision-making of logistics distribution,such as section length,transportation mode,vehicles,unit transportation cost,unit transportation carbon emissions,transportation speed and capacity),non-independent transportation costs/carbon emissions(referring to the transportation costs/carbon emissions at the node depending on the combination of transportation modes and vehicles entering and leaving the node)from the micro-economic level.On the other hand,on this basis,the impact of relevant policies(such as carbon tax policy and carbon trading policy)on the government and logistics enterprises under the mandatory carbon emission reduction environment is analyzed,and then the two-stage game of the government and logistics enterprises about policy choices(such as carbon tax policy or carbon trading policy)is studied from the macro-level.The analysis results show that the model proposed in this study has good robustness.Although the problem is NPhard,we can solve the real problem in a reasonable time by computer through appropriate model research.The existence of flow constraints will not only lead to the multipath of the optimal transportation route,the diversification of the combination of transportation modes and vehicles used,but also lead to the increase of costs and carbon emissions.The increase of product types or supply and demand points will also lead to the multipath of the optimal transportation route.In addition,for multi-objective optimization of distribution schemes,flow constraints will lead to a significant shift in the Pareto front,while the increase of product types or supply and demand points will make the Pareto front more curved,and the cost will increase even more when carbon emissions are reduced by the same amount.Compared with carbon trading policy,carbon tax policy brings more costs to enterprises and has more adverse effects on enterprises.At the same time,compared with carbon trading policy,carbon tax policy makes the government face more social costs and has more adverse effects on the whole society.When the government and the representative logistics enterprises play a two-stage game on carbon tax policy and carbon trading policy,the results show that the representative logistics enterprises prefer carbon trading policy,and the government also prefers carbon trading policy.In a word,on one hand,this study reveals the distribution optimization scheme of logistics enterprises in complex logistics network considering multi-attribute sections and nonindependent node transshipment costs/transshipment carbon emissions under the environment of mandatory carbon emission reduction from the micro level,which provides scientific basis and effective support for logistics enterprises to optimize logistics distribution scheme and realize the optimal allocation of scarce resources under the environment of mandatory carbon emission reduction.On the other hand,it analyses the impact of relevant policies-carbon tax policy and carbon trading policy-on the government and logistics enterprises under the mandatory carbon emission reduction environment,reveals the Nash equilibrium solution of the game between the government and logistics enterprises on the choice of relevant policies under the mandatory carbon emission reduction environment,and points out from the perspective of game theory that under the mandatory carbon emission reduction environment the government should implement carbon trading policy in order to reduce the cost of implementing mandatory carbon emission reduction policy and the resistance of policy implementation caused by cost.