Research On Operation Decision Optimization Of Vehicle Supply Chain With Low Carbon Policies

Nowadays,Countries in the world start to develop low carbon economy coping with challenges such as climate changes,energy deficiency,city air pollution.Vehicle industry as the key industry relating to national economy and the people's live hood,energy consuming and carbon emission,has been receiving more and more attention from government,business circles and academic circles.Chinese new energy vehicle industry has gained rapid development with lots of supporting policies carried out by Chinese government such as?Guidance to accelerate the implementation of the application of new energy vehicle in the transportation industry?,?Energy conservation and new energy vehicle industry development plan(2012-2020>?and so on.However,vehicle industry has been facing more and more carbon policies regulation and these regulations become more and more fluctuation.Now,Chinese vehicle industry is facing or imminent facing lots of carbon policies' regulation such as subsidy withdrawing policy of new energy vehicle,carbon emission cap and trading(?Regulations of new energy vehicle carbon quota?),double score system(?Score regulations of passenger vehicle enterprises average fuel consumption and new energy vehicle?)and so on.These carbon policies would play an important role in the development of vehicle industry and its supply chain operation.Therefore,how to study the decision-making optimization of enterprises,suppliers and retailers in the automotive supply chain from the perspective of different carbon policies has important and urgent theoretical and practical significance.The supply chain operation decision in this paper mainly refers to the decision of production,pricing and carbon emission reduction of upstream and downstream enterprises in the vehicle supply chain,and focuses on automobile manufacturers.The main research works are concluded as follows:1.This paper adopts game theory to build a production decision model on new energy vehicle supply chain with government subsidy policy.Then we use this model to analyze new energy vehicle's subsidy mechanism and its effect,solve optimal subsidy intensity and prove the existence of critical point to withdraw subsidy policy.Furthermore,considering such traditional game theory model facing many application difficulties such as finite gaming,decision period inconformity and information asymmetry and so on,We try to combine the traditional game theory and the system dynamics(SD)to study the game equilibrium and evolution law of new energy vehicle market under subsidy withdrawing policy based on game reaction function.2.This paper investigates manufacturer vehicle production decision based on "double score system" considering both fuel consumption score and new energy vehicle score.We firstly develop a joint decision model for conventional fuel and new energy vehicle production based on share proportion(fuel vehicle enterprises generally establish a new energy vehicle enterprise by taking a stake)and internal option agreement(internal enterprise agreement about score trading volume and score price between fuel vehicle enterprise and new energy vehicle enterprise).The optimal solutions to pricing,production and internal negotiated score price were then resolved considering three different strategies including score deficiency,score surplus and score balance.As a follow-up,we also investigate robust interval of initial production planning and its emergency adjustment strategies according to variation of score market price and vehicle sales.3.This paper develops a model in support of decision-making for production of traditional and new energy vehicles considering carbon trading,introduces a competitive market demand function and analyzes the effect of carbon price on vehicle productivity,pricing and profit.we obtain the robust range and emergency adjustment strategies of production planning with carbon price disruption by solving KKT(Karush-Kuhn-Tucker)condition under two situations whether carbon quota trading volume unlimited or limited.Furthermore,we build a nonlinear programming model to improve the initial production planning with carbon price disruption.4.Basing on neutral carbon tax policy,This paper uses game theory to study four vehicle supply chain carbon tax modes of carbon tax bearing alone without subsidy,carbon tax bearing together without subsidy,carbon tax subsidies to vehicle consumers and carbon tax subsidies to vehicle retailers.Then we analyze this four carbon tax modes' influences on supply chain's productions,pricing,profits,efforts of carbon emission reduction and the carbon intensity.Then the optimal differential tax and uniform tax are calculated basing a numerical example.5.This paper build a vehicle supply chain's carbon emission reduction decision model based on parallel policy of carbon trading-carbon tax(Environmental taxes).Then we study the effect of mixed carbon policy on the supply chain production capacity,pricing,profit,emission reduction rate and the optimal proportion of compensated quota,bidding price,mixed strategies.We introduce the protocol of priority to purchase the low-carbon material and the contract of carbon emission constraint-revenue sharing to coordinate the vehicle supply chain,obtaining the Nash-equilibrium mode of emission reduction which can not only reduce the level of carbon emission but also improve the supply chain's social welfare.This research mainly contributes to the literature in four ways.1.This paper develops a crossing analysis method by combining of system dynamics(SD)and game theory based on game reaction function.2.This paper proposes a new decentralized decision model based on limited cooperation principle that benefit sharing and decisions independently,then we build a joint decision model between fuel vehicle and new energy vehicle based on double score system.3.This paper build a production planning optimization model of vehicle manufacturer with carbon price fluctuation and carbon quota trading volume limitation,and solved the optimal operation decision based on prior disruption management principle.4.This paper introduces the neutral carbon tax policy and mixed carbon policy into the vehicle supply chain decision model.