| Since the reform and opening-up,due to the inclination of policy support and the natural geographical advantage,the eastern coastal region gradually becomes the gathering place of the factor,population and technology.The eastward flow of economy and population not only promotes the prosperity of the eastern region,but also widens the gap between the regional development level.With the deepening of economic globalization,the acceleration of urbanization and the upgrading of transportation infrastructure,the relationship between cities becomes more and more close,and the space-time distance can be compressed continuously.The "Twelve-Five" and "Thirteen-Five" plan clearly put forward the construction of traffic infrastructure as the important task of carrying out the development of the West and promoting the coordinated development of the region.Since August 1,2008 opened operation of the first instant speed of 350 kilometers Beijing-Tianjin Intercity high-speed railway,to the end of 2015,China's high-speed railway operation has reached 19,000 kilometers,"four longitudinal four horizontal" to take shape.The development of high-speed railway has subverted the traditional traffic mode and greatly compressed the distance between cities.The profound changes have taken place in travel modes,employment choices,and production behaviors,which have a growing impact on the economy and regional space.The new economic geography theory holds that traffic infrastructure has a significant effect on the coordination of economic activities in regional space,so it is possible to find an effective way to solve the harmonious development of economy,population and region from the theoretical and empirical research on the influence of CRH development on regional space and grasp the intrinsic relationship between them.At present,there are many research literatures on the relationship between transportation infrastructure and regional space,however,there is little research on the traffic mode of high-speed railway,especially in China.Some literatures about the spatial effect of CRH economy in the country have not come to a unanimous conclusion,which leaves further space for the research of this paper.Based on the "core-periphery" model of the new economic geography,this paper constructs a core-edge model of expansion that includes two regions,two elements and three products,and integrates transportation infrastructure and economic elements into a unified research framework and then based on the theoretical model of space economics,urban economics,geography,instrumental variables,night lighting data,the global dynamic population distribution and other cutting-edge research methods and data to examine the development of high-speed rail Economic distribution,population flow and regional integration.At last,based on the theoretical model and the conclusion drawn from the empirical research,some policy recommendations are put forward to promote the coordinated development of China's regions.From the perspective of space,this paper expands the domestic scholars 'analysis on the role of transportation infrastructure,supplements the foreign scholars' research literature on the issue of China's high-speed railway,and analyzes the spatial economic effects and mechanisms of high-speed railway in detail by using abundant economic and spatial data.The main research contents of this dissertation are as follows.Firstly,the research methods and related literatures on transport infrastructure and high-speed rail development are summarized.From the three aspects of the common methods of evaluating the economic effects of transport infrastructure,the empirical literature on the economic effects of transport infrastructure and the empirical literature on the economic effects of high-speed railways.From the research methods,the economic benefits of the development of high-speed rail include the direct effect,indirect effect and comprehensive effect.From the perspective of impact,the economic efficiency of the development of high-speed rail includes the investment effect,spillover effect and regional spatial effect.Secondly,the research background of this paper is analyzed from three aspects of China's regional spatial pattern,the development of HSR,and the correlation between HSR development and regional space.Research shows that since the reform and opening up,China has entered a stage of rapid economic growth.Due to the influence of the national policies and the obvious regional differences in economic distribution,the eastern coastal areas lead the country's production and technological innovation.Since 2000,China has gradually started to implement the regional coordination policy of rejuvenating the western part of China.Its economic center of gravity has shown a movement path from east to west.However,due to the natural factors and the long-term accumulated advantages in the past,the population still shows the flow characteristics from west to east.In just a few short years,China's high-speed railway has become the longest-running high-speed railway in the world with the largest under-construction.The "four vertical and four horizontal" have begun to take shape.At present,the economic and social distribution shows more obvious agglomeration characteristics in space.The three major metropolitan areas such as the Pearl River Delta,Shanghai-Hangzhou-Ningbo,Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei and the Yangtze River Economic Belt have become the focus of social and economic clustering.The high-speed rail one hour commuter circle covers the three major metropolitan areas,The two-hour commuter circle has formed a continuous urban agglomeration in eastern and eastern cities.The shortening of the space-time distance has also accelerated the flow of elements and promoted the process of regional integration.Thirdly,the influence mechanism of the development of high-speed railway on spatial structure is put forward.First of all,as a large-scale infrastructure project,high-speed railway will stimulate the development of related industries through investment at the initial stage,promote economic growth,and via the development of public service facilities in the site areas and the improvement of the level of transport infrastructure,promote the reshaping of urban spatial structure.Secondly,the development of high-speed railway promotes the regional advantage of the core city and accelerates the agglomeration of population and economy.Because of the constant agglomeration of the core city population and the rise of land price,the opening of the high-speed railway has reduced the transportation cost of the core cities and the small cities around them,and also facilitated the diffusion of the elements.Thirdly,the continuous improvement of high-speed railway network can greatly reduce the commuting time between cities,compress the space-time distance of cities,and produce the function of spatial convergence.With the effect of urbanization,the urban disparity is reduced,the administrative boundary tends to be blurred,and the economy with close connection and coexistence and Co-Prosperity is formed.Based on the economic growth theory,urban economic theory,international trade theory and new economic geography theory related to the space effect of high-speed railway,this paper constructs a core-edge space model which includes two regions,two kinds of elements and three kinds of commodities.The model analysis shows that: in the initial stage,with the decrease of the trade cost,the economy tends to gather,and with the high degree of freedom of trade,the existence of scale economy and land cost can appear at the same time agglomeration and re spread,with the increase of land cost,the factors tend to spread;Agglomeration equilibrium will become the best choice of society.Finally,the agglomeration of industry can make skilled workers get higher welfare,and the increase of land cost will reduce the welfare of skilled workers.In general,the population can get higher benefits from the agglomeration of big cities.Fourthly,the impact of high-speed rail development on the distribution of economic space is analyzed.The results show that the development of high-speed railways slows the growth of small and medium-sized cities along the route,rather than the central urban diffusion effect,which does not have a significant impact in the non-urban areas,and that it is consistent with previous studies on the positive effects of mega-cities.The decrease of the trade cost and the agglomeration of the big cities are the reasons for the slowdown of the small and medium-sized cities,which shows that the urbanization of China is still the agglomeration process centering on the regional central city.The effect of this mechanism decreases with the increase of the distance of the high-speed rail line,but we do not find an obvious inflection point;unlike previous scholars,the large cities did not siphon off investment in cities along with high-speed railways,but also showed the role of diffusion.The important factors that influence the growth come from the crowding out of the high skilled labor force in the middle and small cities along the line.The investment pull effect is obvious during the high-speed railway construction.With the completion of the high-speed railway engineering construction,the investment pull effect weakens,the most important construction industry investment level obviously declines,and affects the economic.This is also an important factor in the slowdown of economic growth after the opening of the high-speed railway,which is still the biggest impact on the output of the secondary,and has no obvious effect on primary industry.Because of the relatively short course of construction of China's high-speed railways,whether the agglomeration of big cities inhibits the development of small cities is uncertain.In the short term,the opening of the HSR seems to have a negative effect,but in the long run this negative effect appears to be weakening.Fifthly,the role of high-speed rail development in regional space and within cities is analyzed.The results show that the launching of high-speed railway has promoted the population agglomeration along the city,the hukou system still restricts the movement of the population in China.The effect of high-speed railway has a distinct difference in different regions and cities.The opening of the high-speed railway has changed the spatial pattern of urban accessibility in China,which has caused the regional spatial differentiation phenomenon.The use of night light map data and LandScan Global dynamic population distribution map test results show that the opening of high-speed railway has a significant effect on urban suburbanization,whether from full sample or sub-sample.Finally,from two dimensions of market integration and spatial integration,the role of high-speed railway development in regional integration is examined.The research results show that: the reduction of commuting cost can reduce the income gap between cities to a certain extent,the agglomeration function of mega-cities and the tendency of past policies affect the growth trend of cities,the development of high-speed railway meets the needs of medium and long distance transportation,and the movement of population and capital is an important factor to promote the narrowing of income gap.In particular,the further agglomeration of population and the spread of investment are the main reasons for the convergence of income between big cities and small cities and the narrowing of the gap between population and investment is the main cause of income convergence between small cities and small cities.The development of high-speed railways accelerates the spillover and diffusion of knowledge,which may also be a factor in promoting market convergence.From the perspective of space,the development of high-speed railway has broken the shackles of urban administrative boundaries and blurred the administrative boundary.The test of night light data shows that the development of high-speed railway promotes regional space integration,especially in the eastern region.The metropolitan planning also has the impetus to the integration process,and from the current level,the Shanghai-Hangzhou-Ningbo metropolis shows the highest degree of integration in the three metropolitan areas. |
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