Research On The Measurement And Evaluation Of Energy Consumption And Indoor Environment Quality Of Green Office Buildings

Green buildings in China are developing very fast recently due to the strong supports from the government.However,there is a lack of study on how the green buildings actually performed.Some foreign researches have shown that the occupants' satisfaction,indoor environment and energy consumption of green buildings might not reach the design goal.This paper aims to conduct research on the evaluation method and actual performance of green office buildings in China,through comparing its occupants' satisfaction,indoor environment and energy consumption with the foreign counterparts.And then aiming at the inconsistency of the unity of indoor environmental parameter standards and individual differences in demand,a dynamic hierarchical evaluation method on the actual performance of green buildings based on occupants' satisfaction with thermal environment,lighting environment,and acoustic envrionment has been proposed.Major contents of this paper are as follows,First,through large-scale longitude field measurement,the occupants' satisfaction,indoor environment and energy consumption of green office buildings in China's Cold,Hot-Summer-Cold-Winter and Hot-Summer-Warm-Winter climate regions have been analyzed.It was found the green office buildings in Hot-Summer-Cold-Winter have the highest energy efficiency.Type-A buildings consume less energy than the constraint value required by <Energy Consumption Code for Civil Buildings>(GB/T 51161-2016),around 90% of the leading value;while Type-B building consume around 77% of the constraint value.The green office buildings in the other two climate regions consume energy close to the constraint value.On the other hand,green buildings in all the three climate zones mentioned above have higher occupants' satisfaction than conventional buildings according to a survey with 4086 responses.Second,the energy consumption and occupants' satisfaction of green offices buildings certificated by Chinese Green Star Label are compared with green office buildings certificated by US LEED,Japan CASBEE,UK BREEAM and Singapore Green Mark.It was found,with similar climate conditions,the energy consumption of Chinese green office buildings is significantly lower than their US,Japan and Singapore counterpart(around 33% of the US,30% of Japan,and 36% of Singapore),and similar to the UK's buildings.It was also found the improvement of occupants' satisfaction level brought by LEED and BREEAM is not as significant as that brought by China' Three Star System,which might result from the performance levels of conventional buildings and the occupants' expectations.Last,aiming at the inconsistency of the unity of indoor environmental parameter standards and individual differences in demand,a dynamic hierarchical evaluation method on the actual performance of green buildings based on occupants' satisfaction with thermal environment,lighting environment,and acoustic envrionment has been proposed.The quantitative comparative analysis of the measured energy consumption and indoor environmental quality of office buildings in China and the UK reveals different paths and development trends in the performance improvement of green office buildings in China(developing countries)and developed countries in the furture.The major findings of this paper could provide useful information to evaluate and optimized the actual performance and operation of green office buildings.