Optimization Method And Strategy Of Safety Cost For Construction Enterprises

Construction industry is a pillar industry of the national economy,and also a high-risk industry.In recent years,China's construction enterprises have made rapid progress in construction technology.And,many technologies are in the forefront of the world,completing a series of great power projects that are proud of.However,China's construction safety management level is generally low,far lower than the average level of developed countries,and the rate of safety accidents remains high.Passive construction safety management mode,insufficient investment in safety costs and low input-output efficiency are one of the important reasons for this result.In order to achieve a fundamental improvement in China's building safety situation,it is necessary to improve the construction safety cost input mechanism,optimize the safety cost strategy of construction enterprises,and adopt scientific and reasonable methods.It ensured that the safety cost input is reasonable and efficient on the basis of tamping safety production.At present,the research on the related theories,optimization methods and strategies of China's safety cost in construction enterprises is still in the starting stage.And,some important basic characteristics and laws of the changes and the optimization for construction enterprises' safety cost are not fully grasp.Therefore,it has great exploration significance and application value to carry out research on safety cost optimization of construction enterprises.The disciplines of safety economics,safety management,engineering economics,statistics,cost accounting and other related theories and methods are comprehensively adopted in this thesis to deeply analyze the status quo and reasons for the safety cost input of China's construction enterprises,and discuss the basic characteristics and benefit law of safety cost in construction enterprises.Then the method and strategy of structure and quantity optimization for safety cost of construction enterprises were put forward and the safety cost optimization plan has been designed and the empirical research has been done.The main contents and conclusions are as follows:Firstly,On the basis of identifying the concepts of safety investment,safety investment and safety cost,the safety cost of construction enterprises is divided into the maintenance safety cost and the restorative safety cost,and the input process and the output characteristic of the safety cost are analyzed.A structured research method is used to construct a Secure Cost Breakdown Structure(SCBS),and the “rigid and soft” characteristics of safety cost are carefully analyzed.From the perspective of system process,the input and output process of safety cost is analyzed,and the marginal benefit and external change effect of safety cost are explored.The results show that the maintenance cost is multi-functional,complex,persistent and the restorative safety cost has the process and result characteristic of long effect,lag and so on.Rigid safety cost is the bottom line of safety investment,playing an extremely important role in ensuring the safety of building construction.However its optimization space is less.The elastic safety cost is the key object of safety cost optimization,and it is of great significance to improve the safety cost input and output performance.Meanwhile,the safety cost input also owns the law of marginal revenue diminishing,and the degree of engineering risk has an important impact on the change in output efficiency of safety cost.Secondly,on the basis of mastering the core mechanism and law of input-output benefits that affect the safety cost,the fuzzy factor analysis method and the decision-making laboratory analysis method are used to reveal the essential relationship among the factors affecting the safety cost of construction enterprises and determine the core and sensitive factors affecting the safety cost.Research shows that the maintaining safety cost plays an important role in the optimization of safety cost.Key factors such as leadership safety awareness play an important role in ensuring the maintaining safety cost.Sensitive factors such as safety education are the key targets in the maintenance security cost investment.The safety cost optimization of construction enterprises must be based on the rigid and flexible characteristics of the safety cost of construction enterprises,focusing on the optimization process,aiming at improving output efficiency,and the such key factors as the impact of the accident,the external supervision and the leadership safety awareness,and other sensitive factors such as the safety education and the human investment in safety management are the focus of optimization.Based on these studies,this paper puts forward the strategies of paying attention to the impact of the accident,improving the safety consciousness of the leaders,strengthening the supervision of the safety cost of the construction enterprises,establishing the "bottom line consciousness" of the safety cost input,optimizing the input methods and improving the efficiency of resource utilization and other construction enterprises' safety cost structure optimization strategies.Thirdly,coordinating and optimizing the ratio relationship between the maintenance safety cost and the restorative safety cost is the core of quantity optimization of construction enterprises' safety cost.Starting from correlation degree between of the priority weights of various expenses,safety cost components and safety degrees,the weighted grey correlation model and Bayes model are used to coordinate and correct the optimization strategy.Then according to the optimal range of safety investment,the optimal investment interval of the construction company's safety cost is determined and the quantity optimization strategy and method for the construction company's safety cost are formed as well.Based on this,it is proposed to establish a system view and a large-scale view of safety cost optimization,and then grasp the key components of the construction company's safety cost through the safety cost rate of construction enterprises,and regard the high elasticity factor as the focus of safety cost optimization.Finally,the optimization plan for the safety cost of construction enterprises will be worked out.The feasibility and effect of optimization have been verified by practical examples.Finally,from the six aspects of safety management manpower input,safety publicity and education,external supervision,employee safety,engineering safety and enterprise safety awareness,the safety cost optimization plan of construction enterprises with certain universality and feasibility is given.And,the hypothesis testing method and the structural equation model were used to design and verify the safety cost optimization plan of construction enterprises.The verification results show that although the construction company's safety cost optimization strategy can achieve positive results in implementation,China's construction companies still have shortcomings in the consciousness of safety cost investment.And,the core factor which causing this phenomenon is the existed cognitive deviation in the safety perception of enterprises.Therefore,it can be further summarized as special national condition issues,recent and long-term benefit coordination issues and “human-centered” issues.At last,the core strategy of “conservation of the bottom line,optimization process,and improvement of efficiency” for the safety cost optimization of construction enterprises is innovatively put forward.Through the above research,the basic characteristics and benefit law of the construction company's safety cost are clarified,and the strategic recommendations for the structure and quantity optimization of the safety cost in construction enterprise are put forward.The safety cost optimization plan of the construction enterprise is designed and its empirical research is carried out.It provides a reference for building construction enterprises to optimize the safety costs and improve the economic benefits.