Comparative Study Of Impact Of Tillage Technologies And Policy On Wheat Production Between Iraq & China

The agricultural sector is the most important sector of the Iraqi economy,but it is suffering from low productivity due to the wrong practices carried out by the farmers and market destructions caused by the government policies.Wheat is the most important strategic crop in Iraq,so it chooses to be highlighted in this study.In addition to the Iraqi wheat cultivation technology and market destructions,the Chinese wheat growing technology and market policies have been studied in this research to compare the results to both countries.The data of the wheat-growing technology has been collected through interviewing 600 householders totally in both countries,and for the market prices policy analysis,the data depended on the data published by the official institutional in both counties.Cross-Sectional,Stochastic Frontier Models & Policy Analysis Matrix(PAM)uses to analyze the technology efficiency and market price policy,respectively.The main results of the present study are as follow:i)The low productivity in the Iraqi study area due to applying the traditional cultivation technology,compared to the Chinese study area where zero tillage technology was adopted.ii)Insignificant contribution of irrigation to the yield of wheat crop due to the big waste of irrigation water through the ignorance of farmers to scientific irrigation methods in the Iraqi study area.Where the elasticity of irrigation was positive in the Chinese study area,reflecting the positive effect of irrigation on the productivity of wheat.iii)The coefficient of human labor work hours per hectare was significantly positive in the Iraqi and Chinese study areas.iv)There is over the use of machinery,seed and fertilizers for wheat production in both study areas,where it’s affecting negatively on wheat production.v)The elasticity of plant protection and weed control for the Iraqi study area was significantly negative.While the elasticity of plant protection and weed control was insignificant due to the big amount of herbicide use for weed control,where zero tillage technology required High amount of herbicide for controlling the weedvi)The mean technical efficiency scores of the farmers in the Wasit province of Iraq(Iraqi study area)were about 77 percent,while the technical efficiency levels of the sampled farmers for Xinjiang uygur Autonomous Region(Chinese study area)were about 94 percent.vii)The results of agricultural policy analysis of the wheat crop production in Iraq and China showed that the crop generates private profits and negative social profit.The results obtained in this study demonstrated that The Iraqi and Chinese governments need to take action at the level of foreign trade to protect the local product and improve the efficiency of agricultural systems for the wheat crop through the adoption of better practices such as zero tillage technology and achieve the maximum technical efficiency levels...