Study On Motivation And Incentives Of Rural Household’s Ecological Behaviors In Under-Forest Economy Management

The mountainous areas with abundant forest resources in China are very important to ecological safety,and also bear the livelihood and development functions of local rural households.Under-forest economy development has become the best way to realize ecological and economic system coordination.Rural households are the main body of forest management and the direct beneficiaries of ecosystem protection.However,in the process of under-forest economy management their inefficient and traditional management behaviors have caused great ecological damage and environmental pollution.It has drawn great attention of researchers about how to optimize their ecological behaviors to promote the long-term development of forest ecosystem services and forestry multi-objective management.This paper focus on forest ecosystem and taking mountainous villages rich in forest resources in Sichuan province as an example,follows the paradigm of “behavior status → motivation → effect → incentives → optimization” to construct the analysis framework.First of all,this paper describes the current situation of rural household’ s forestry management,identifies their ecological behaviors in the process of underforest planting/breeding and ecotourism management,and then analyzes the existing problems and ecological impacts of their behaviors;secondly,from the aspects of rural household’ s ability,resource factor endowment,social concept and supportive policies,we explores the changes of operating cost and benefit of under-forest economy and the total household income after ecological behaviors adoption,and also explores how and why ecological protection policies could inspire rural household’s ecological behaviors decision-making;finally,combined with rural household’s preference and demand for compensation forms,it puts forward countermeasures and optimization suggestions.The results show that:(1)There are many ecological-unfriendly behaviors in the pre-production,middleproduction and post-production stages of the under-forest economy management,resulting in environmental pollution and ecosystem damage,so that we need optimize their behaviors.(2)Their decision-making of ecological behavior always besed on their economic rationality and social rationality,which is influenced by the age and education of head of household,labor structure,nature resoures endowment,traditional management habit,communication with parents,and policies such as financial subsidy,participation of cooperative organizations and professional training.(3)Their ecological behaviors directly increase the operating costs,and indirectly increase operating benefits and the overall income.But in the short term,they always have a strong anticipation of cost,while have not yet realized the effect of their behaviors on economic benefits,which lead to a low level of their ecological behaviors.(4)Ecological protection policies changed the inherent thinking and behavior mode of rural households by directly improving their environmental awareness,as the main source of subjective normative pressure,and changing their endowment and ability,and there is obviors different effect between different personal characteristics.(5)Rural households need kinds of compensation ways to inspire them adopt ecological behaviors,and the most preferred is increasing the amount of financial subsidies,followed by providing professional training and participating in cooperative organizations.To sum up,the paper puts forward specific optimization suggestions from the aspects of establishing the interest connection and sharing mechanism between ecosystem protection and forest multi-functional utilization,improving rural household’s environmental awareness,giving play to social effects,and improving the diversified compensation mechanism.The main innovation of the paper is,from the perspective of rural household’s behaviors in the development of under-forest economy,refining the general law of their behaviors,and then put forword the optimization path of their green livelihood transformation.