The Research Of Neo-Confucianism Of Yang Shi

In the perspective of both Neo-Confucianism of North Song Dynasty and the new school of Confucianism in Northern Song Dynasty,the category and the proposition of Yang Shi's theory with its logic and characteristics could be brought to light.Yang Shi's thought had experienced several changes from imperial examination to scritures of Confucianism,new school of Confucianism in Northern Song Dynasty,Taoism and Buddhism.These experience helped him build academic accumulation.He learnt from ChenYi on Neo-Confucianism.Because of situation of Yuan You period,he criticized Wang Anshi,who only studied hard but never knew about "Dao”.Yang Shi's thought was becoming mature,while he learnt of "The Principle is One,Its Implementation is Divided into Multiplicity".After that,he concentrated on illustration of Neo-Confucianism,as well as criticism of new school.In his old age,he taught Jingyan,and took part in politics.After going back home,he sum up Cheng Yi and Cheng Hao'work,and wrote the book of San Jing Yi Bian.According to Yang Shi,Neo-Confucianism has its tradition through the teaching from three ancient Chinese dynasties to that of Confucius,Mencius,Cheng Yi and Cheng Hao.That is,the Six Classics,the Four Books and the works of Cheng Yi and Cheng Hao,as well as the ones of Zhang Zai and ShaoYong.Yang Shi insisted-his own theory at the same time criticized dissidence which consist of Zhuang Zi and other literatures.For those could not illustrate Neo-Confucianism.His theory revealed in the explanation in the concept of natural law,disposition and effort.The theory of natural law discusses the changes of life-and-death.Yang Shi believed that everything is amid in the gathering and dispersion of the gas which exists without visible formation.Both nature and human are included in the changes of Qi or Yi which is the essence of physical world and social world.Such essence exists and can not be ignored.In the practical domain,Yi is one,and its implementation is divided into multiplicity.The body of Dao is One,which can not be described.But it is the way of nature,as well as human nature,which is the unity of nature and human and that of the inside and outside.As the human mind and the body of Ren,Dao could not find things to match it.Compliance the nature is taken as Dao,for nature itself is complete by means of the body and function.The body of Dao can not be fully implemented in things while all things are included in the body of Dao.In short,the theory of Yang Shi comprised Cheng Yi and Cheng Hao' s theory with the combination of Zhang Zai's theory and Taoism andZen.Yang Shi in his theory of mind has pointed out that all things(including humans)if fundamentally speaking follow the Yin and Yang of the good into its nature,the Human Nature has a variety of goodness integrating harmony and never go bad.Due to the different intrinsic of the Qi,"the nature of temperament" has a different,but goodness is its normal and natural noumenon,which is called the Human Nature,the bad of nature is its informal and unnatural noumenon,which can be clarified to good,a gentleman do not treat "the nature of temperament" as the Human Nature;The passions like pleasure,anger,sorry and joy do not interact,the heart unbiased and mean is unnatural noumenon,benevolent without points inside and outside,bright,vast and complete,the Human Nature can completely manifest itself from the heart.Men consciously has good potential,which must be realized and interacted,dealing with the nonego interact into the passions,with the passions not be determined by the nonego and the heart not be wise in its own conceit.The heart is positive so the interact must be appropriate,be consciously good,but the person is easily induced by moving heart,the heart with a less difference may not be positive;the person is easily wise in its own conceit,the heart is partial shaded and not positive,the nature may not show,there are evil.Put the consciously good potential to become a reality without flow in evil,people must do self-cultivation,and the theory of mind is the basis of their work means.Yang Shi in his theory of achieving understanding thinks that the man seeking the Tao must be based on seeking knowledge,must first know the limit(praising the goodness)and then know the direction of self-cultivation(why is good).The man achieving understanding so praising the goodness,attaining knowledge lies in studying the essence of things,seeking knowledge puts achieving understanding(studying the essence of things)first,achieving understanding has two ways to explore:from outside and inside,one means the man from wide outside learning back to concise understanding,pay attention to deep exploration,accumulate learning,taking knowledge of ancient sages words and deeds,study dogmas and doctrines,rely on the erudite knowledge to back to concise understanding to explore the truth,which focus on his own findings on the method,with personal progressive experience to get his Tao;the other means from the inside "reflexive to sincerity",compared to the former,Yang Shi's method of with honest to seek the conscience is more radical,all things in the world is infinite and hard to study,so back to oneself to study the rule of eyes ears mouth and nose active,back to oneself to the sincerity,our nature should experience self-content,oneness of heart with the nonego,then the heavenly principles can get,which means seek your own nature then seek the nature of everything,everybody.Achieving understanding to seek principles,the heart not be troubled by external things to the mind sincerity and the heart upright,to sense and know everything,to know the end and the limit,seeing goodness then conscious good and not easily changed for customs,but the man still notify the limit to stop,do his best,emphasis on learning and practicing,the knowledge can be practiced is real knowledge,knowledge and action should go hand in hand,heart understand and put into practice,then to the Saints realm,which in the success of study.In his theory,Yang Shi described Cheng Yi and Cheng Hao's theory with the combination of Zhang Zai's theory and Taoism and Zen,while at the same time he criticized the new school and Buddhism.