| During the May Forth Period in the early twentieth Century,the whole Chinese society had completed qualitative transformation from ancient to modern with the rise of national capital economy.It was pushed by intellectuals with modern progressive ideas and influenced by many economics factors,such as modern production methods and business philosophy.Since then,the process of Modernity of Chinese society was begun.At the same time,the aesthetic form of Chinese aesthetic spirit was changed accordingly,from classical form which was characterized by "harmony",to modern form with the main features of "opposition sublime".The historical developing process of “The Shanghai School of Peking Opera” fully reflected the evolution track of this aesthetic morphology changes.It also embodied that in the Chinese Aesthetic Modernity process,the modern system of Chinese society was built in the light of “aesthetic rules” in terms of the whole social structure.On the other hand,in the field of specific aesthetic culture,the logical transitional development of society was promoted from the perspective of “man's liberation” to “national independence”.The Chinese traditional Peking Opera had already been stereotyped basically in the frame of classical and harmonious aesthetics form.But reform and innovations were happened gradually after it had been spread to Shanghai.Finally,a new genre branch came into being.It was called “The Shanghai School of Peking Opera”.Although there were many influencing factors in this developing process,but in the final analysis the economic basis played a decisive role,so did the transformation process of aesthetic form from classical to modern too.As a matter of fact,the birth of “The Shanghai School of Peking Opera” was a small but concrete artistic expression in such an environment of aesthetic form transformation.In its special growing circumstance,many factors impacted the development and maturity of “The Shanghai School of Peking Opera” directly,such as the molding of the business society of Shanghai,the collision between Chinese and Western cultures,the impact of urban consumer groups and so on.Through a large number of new repertoires in different historical periods,“The Shanghai School of Peking Opera” paid close attention to social realities,expanded the modern thinking and vision,encouraged and promoted the time spirit of the specific historical epoch.It was realistic,clear and popular,different from the traditional style,and formed a colorful overall stage performance effect.In the artistic developing history of “The Shanghai School of Peking Opera”,numbers of representatives have come to the fore.Among them,the most prominent two are “QI's Style” by ZHOU Xinfang and “GAI's Style” by GAI Jiaotian.They not only represented the art peak of “The Shanghai School of Peking Opera”,but also showed the high-spirited mental outlook by participating social practice activities in person.In response to the requirement in professional field of aesthetic education for their time,a new school of dramatic art with modern significance was also established by “The Shanghai School of Peking Opera” first.This school set and implemented teaching ideas and methods of the advanced,and actively reformed the training mode of traditional drama talent.All these showed that “The Shanghai School of Peking Opera” strived hard to push the development of the traditional art of Peking Opera along the trend of the times continuously.In conclusion,by observing and studying the aesthetic characteristics of “The Shanghai School of Peking Opera” in macroscopic perspective of Chinese aesthetic form transformation,we can: firstly,analyze its unique aesthetic value from aesthetic theory;secondly,explain the transformation process of aesthetic form vividly through developments and changes of specific literary style;thirdly,well explain the inner source and motive force of these changes.The modern aesthetic spirit which was embodied in “The Shanghai School of Peking Opera” can provide a useful reference for the remodeling of the modern art of Peking Opera. |
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