Research On Hume's View Of Justice Under The Vision Of Marx's View Of Justice

As the eternal theme pursued by human society,justice has always been highly concerned by scholars at home and abroad.At the same time,some people regard justice as the foundation of the entire Western social political system and moral value system.From ancient Greece to the present,philosophers of different periods have different understandings of "justice." Studying Hume's theory of justice provides us with a way to further understand the development and basic direction of Western political philosophy.This has important theoretical and practical significance for correctly understanding the issue of justice in contemporary Chinese society and establishing the strategic goal of a fair and just and harmonious society.David Hume(1711-1776)is one of the most famous philosophers,historians and economists in Britain in the 18 th century.He is the most important and influential representative of British classical liberalism.Hume's philosophy in philosophy is based on the theory of human nature and aims to establish a scientific system related to human nature,which he calls “human science”.The issue of justice is the main content of the study in Hume's life,especially the study of human virtue and human nature in the concept of justice is very deep.His philosophical thought has a direct and important influence on the development of later generations of philosophy.Hume took the contract as the starting point of deductive justice and proposed that justice is the "human virtue" based on the "human agreement",not the "natural virtue" that human beings are born with.He uses "The Theory of Human Nature" as the representative work,and associates the theory of human nature with the concept of justice.He believes that the construction of the concept of justice is closely related to the handling of property rights.Around this concept,Hume formed a relatively complete view of justice centered on property rights,and proposed three rules of justice,namely,the rules for stabilizing property possession,the rules for transferring property rights according to consent,and the rules for fulfilling promises.Hume argues that the conditions for justice are: environmental factors with relatively scarce natural resources and human selfishness and limited generous human factors.Hume believes that because human beings cannot overcome the weakness of human selfishness,everything that people do is for their own benefit.Therefore,people need to establish a government,use legal provisions to restrict their behavior,and protect social stability by protecting individual property rights.Hume's theory of justice is a theory of interest based on the rules of justice.Justice is related to morality and interests,and is inseparable from the rule of law.Hume's justice thought laid the foundation for the emergence of utilitarian theory.Rawls inherited and developed Hume's justice thought and extended it to this day.It can be said that Hume's justice thought plays an important role in the evolution of the justice thought in the history of Western philosophy.Standing on the standpoint of the proletariat and the masses of the people,Marx,based on historical materialism and aiming at the free emancipation of mankind,inherited all kinds of positive factors in the history of human thought about the concept of justice and put forward his own concept of justice.The essential characteristics of Marx's view of justice: critical and practical.Marx pointed out that to achieve social justice,the proletariat must eliminate the class,eliminate exploitation,and abolish the private ownership of the means of production,thus realizing a communist society.The starting point of Marx's view of justice is material production,which puts forward the justice of distribution according to work in the primary stage of communism and the justice of demand distribution in the advanced stage of communism.The basic functions of Marx's concept of justice can be summarized as: promoting "human development",paying attention to "social life",transforming "objective world",perfecting "distribution methods",and safeguarding "labor interests”.The concept of justice is divided theoretically and divided into a classic camp and a liberal camp.But whether it is as a classicist camp or as a liberal camp,both of them are affirmative and positive in their determination of the concept of justice.And Marx's view of justice is a critical view of justice.The famous philosopher Hegel once said: "The understanding of philosophy must start from the analysis." This paper analyzes the concept of justice by using the methods of analysis and synthesis,which consists of five components: subject,environment,system,standard,Features.Each element occupies a different position in the theory of justice,and its respective logic is properly placed in the concept of justice.This logical arrangement is used to embody the knowledge system of the concept of justice.Through in-depth analysis,Marx and Hume's concept of justice have the same similarities: from the perspective of the subject of justice,they all attach importance to the priority of justice and the moral presupposition of human beings;from the perspective of a just environment,they all want to establish a good and have The social atmosphere of order;from the perspective of the system design of justice,all attach importance to the construction of social structure and social system;from the perspective of the function of justice,we must protect the property and rights of citizens.But from a higher perspective,there are many differences between Marx's view of justice and Hume's view of justice.The starting point of Hume's view of justice is the individual.The protection of personal property rights is also the protection of the interests of the bourgeoisie to maintain social stability.The starting point of Marx's view of justice is society.Marx's view of justice aims to realize the liberation of all mankind and achieve true justice value,thus safeguarding the rights and interests of human beings and embodying the criticality and practicality of the times.In order to realize the liberation of all mankind,Marx cannot be bound by the contract,and should abandon utilitarianism,thus forming a scientific sense of justice.From the perspective of Marx's philosophy,this paper uses the methods of analysis and synthesis to sort out the theoretical origins,theoretical connotations and main features of Hume and Marx's two views of justice.Through the logical layering,the content is interlocked and connected..Especially in the perspective of Marx's view of justice,he analyzes and compares the outstanding representative of the Western concept of justice,and extracts the enlightening views from us through reasonable criticism,reference and absorption.By expounding the main characteristics,historical influence,limitations and value of Hume's justice thought,this paper draws a clear line between Marx's view of justice and Hume's view of justice.This is certainly helpful for the study of China's contemporary "justice theory" that combines scientificity and timeliness,ideality and reality.