Comparative Research On The Justice Theory Of Rawls And Nozick

The justice problem is a subject of eternal history, from ancient times to the present, many philosophers have studied deeply on this issue. In 1971 and 1974, Rawls and Nozick, who are American famous scholars published《 The theory of justice 》 and 《 anarchy, state and Utopia 》 on politics science, and enunciated their views on justice theory. Rawls stated two justice principles from the perspective of the equality, and it is rational by designing “original position”, “veil of ignorance”and“background of justice” to prove; Nozick elaborated on justice in holding from freedom, which made criticism Rawls’ different principle. In decades, the debate of the justice theory of Rawls’ equality and the theory of free justice by Nozik is not stop.This paper is made up of four parts.The first part analyze different background factors which of Rawls and Nozicks’ justice theory are influenced, including different knowledge backgrounds, different theoretical backgrounds and different value choices in same social environmental factor, and how to generate their justice beliefs and basic which construct their theory of justice which they stick to and explain reasons.The second part is make simply exploration in individualized construction on John Rawls and Nozick’s justice theories. First of all, analyzing the difference on individualized construction on John Rawls and Nozick’s theory of justice, then compared two different principles of justice, reveal Rawls difference principle and Nozick justice theory of holding proof method.The third part analyze the convergence and fundamental differences on Rawls and Nozick’s theory of justice, their convergence mainly have three aspects: First, it is based on cognition of convergence theory of justice; Second, they have foundation of human nature on theory construction; Third their justice theory held by the basic proposition of convergence; There are fundamental differences in construction of justice theory from logic, ethics, cognitive perspective: First, from the perspective of their justice theory, Rawls stated justice theory from the perspective of social equality, Nozick discussed their justice theory from the individual right. Secondly, from the logical starting point, Rawls prove his two principles of justice by original state from from the state; State of natural which was as Nozick’s logical starting point to demonstrate justice principle by holding. Therefore, Rawls hope establishing a system of justice system to guide the social distribution by government, and Nozick based on the right of the individual to protect personal property by establish minimum function of state. Third, there are fundamental differences on ethical method how to choice and use: Rawls inherited Kant’s theory of virtue. Therefore, Rawls’ s theory of justice reflects the tendency of deontology, political goal of Rawls’ theory of justice hope establish a welfare state; Nozick inherited ethic method which is utilitarianism for individual free rights, it reflects the characteristic of utilitarianism of rights. Finally, analysing their essential distinction Rawls’ s justice theory from Rousseau and Kant’s thought of equality, but Locke’s freedom theory has affe1 cted Nozick’s theory, so equal and free right is their basics differences. The fourth part think practical significance about useful values of Rawls and Nozick’s theory of justice, to provide reliability method and the way solve social developmental questions which we are facing. At present, because of our country are facing a variety of problems: such as population, ecological, regional disparity, it is necessary to solve, Rawls and Nozick’s theory of justice is involved with political science, ethics, economics and other fields, we can provide some guidances to solve facing problems by restudying their justice theory.