| Group classification is a universal feature of human social life.Social psychologists pay attention to some major topics,including social psychological research on intergroup levels such as intergroup cognition,emotion and behavior.Stereotype is an important aspect of intergroup cognition as well as an active research domain in social psychology.It refers to the specific social cognitive schema and cognitive structure which consists of relatively fixed view and expectation that people hold towards members of a group.However,previous studies on stereotype mainly focused on the stereotype of the elderly.There has been relatively little research on the stereotype of the young.In addition,negative stereotype as well as its impact and intervention are the main foci of the previous studies.On the basis of relevant research results and theoretical expressions,the usage of explicit and implicit methods,and the actual situation of the group division and intergroup interaction affected by the urban and rural social structure and traditional culture,this study,which is guided by the positive development view of the youth,focuses on the positive stereotype of the youth to discuss the contents,reasons and effects of the stereotype about the urban and rural youth.1.The study on stereotype through free association and social network analysisIn this research,641 college students took questionnaires while basic contents and core features of stereotypes about urban and rural youth were learned through free association and social network analysis.The results are as follows:1)Stereotypes about urban youth have more positive traits.The core traits are "well-informed","polite","clever","active","confident","friendly"and "willful".2)Stereotypes about rural youth also have more positive traits.The core traits are "introverted","positive","hard-working","inferior","simple","friendly","practical"and"frugal".2.The study on group characteristics and preferences of stereotypeBased on the questionnaire conducted by 1012 college students,a semantic differential scale of stereotype about the youth and characteristics of urban and rural youth have been described and the group preference effects have been investigated.The results are as follows:1)The most salient features of positive traits of stereotypes about urban youth are "fashionable","confident".The most salient features of negative traits of stereotypes about urban youth are "extravagant" and "spoilt".The most salient features of positive traits of stereotypes about rural youth are "hard-working","frugal","independent","industrious".The most salient features of negative traits of stereotypes about rural youth are "untalented","introverted" and "ignorant".2)Basically,both urban and rural youth show ingroup favoritism and outgroup derogation.The evaluation score of ingroup is much higher than outgroup on positive traits while evaluation score of outgroup is much lower than ingroup on negative traits.In addition,the rural youth show ingroup derogation in some trait evaluation.3.The study on group characteristics and accuracy of meta-stereotypeBased on the analysis of the second part,meta-stereotype of the findings has been analyzed to describe the meta-stereotype of the urban and rural youth and explore the accuracy of meta-stereotype.The findings are as follows:1)Meta-stereotypes about urban youth show corresponding positive and negative traits.The most salient features of positive traits of meta-stereotypes about urban youth are "fashionable","confident","well-informed" and "versatile" and the most salient features of negative traits are"extravagant" and "spoilt".The most salient features of positive traits of meta-stereotypes about rural youth are "hard-working","frugal" and "independent".The most salient features of negative traits are "untalented","introverted" and"ignorant".2)The meta-stereotype of both urban and rural youth is lower than the meta-stereotype of others.It indicates that the youth think the evaluation from outgroup is lower than the actual evaluation from outgroup,thus the two evaluations are inconsistent.3)The meta-stereotype of both urban and rural youth is lower than self-relevant stereotype.It indicates that the youth think the evaluation from outgroup is lower than the evaluation from the ingroup,thus the two evaluations are inconsistent too.4.The study on factor structure and influencial factors of semantic differential scale about stereotypeBased on the questionnaire conducted by 1012 college students,the factor structure of semantic differential scale about stereotype about the youth has been further analyzed and mediation model of influencial factors of stereotype has also been analyzed and verified.The results are as follows:1)There are three factors in semantic differential scale about stereotype about the youth,including modern trait,traditional trait and social trait.2)The rural youth show much more traditional traits than the urban youth while the urban youth show much more modern traits and social traits.3)Self-relevant stereotype,stereotype from others and meta-stereotype are mutually correlated to a certain degree.On some factors,meta-stereotype is the mediating variable,through which self-relevant stereotype has an effect on stereotype from others.4)As a moderator variable,inter-group attitudes mainly affect the front radius of the mediation model and the moderated mediator exists on some factors.5.The study on implicit stereotype through IAT and IRAPA total of 138 college students completed implicit stereotype test through IAT and IRAP.The results are as follows:1)In the implicit test through IAT,both the urban and the rural youth tend to affirm their positive and negative traits.Relatively speaking,in the light of implicit,the subjects strongly approve the positive traits of urban youth as well as the negative traits of rural youth.Identity towards the positive traits of rural youth and the negative traits of urban youth are not very strong.2)In the implicit test through IRAP,based on the positive stereotype of the urban youth,the urban college students prefer to approve the positive traits of the urban traits and the negative traits of the rural traits.Whereas,the rural youth prefer to approve the positive traits of the urban traits and other aspects are weaker.However,based on the positive stereotype of the rural youth,the urban college students prefer to approve the positive traits of the rural traits and the negative traits of the urban traits.Besides,the rural youth prefer to approve the positive traits of the rural traits and other aspects are weaker.6.The study on structural relationships of explicit and implicit stereotypeThrough related analysis,the structural relationships of explicit and implicit stereotype of the rural and urban youth have been examined.The results are as follows:1)In the relationship between explicit stereotype and IAT,there is few relationship between the test results of explicit and implicit tests,so they can be presumed as separated.2)In the relationship between explicit stereotype and IRAP,there are some relationships between the test results of explicit and implicit tests.When the distinctions are made among the test contents of explicit and implicit stereotype and subjects,the relationships between explicit stereotype and implicit stereotype are more complicated.The findings support conditioned theory and domain-specific theory of stereotype between implicit and explicit structural relationships.According to the study results,the findings of the stereotypes about the urban and rural youth are as follows:There are positive as well as negative traits in the stereotypes about the urban and rural youth,but the positive traits are the main parts.Some traits are the core.There are three factors in the stereotypes about the urban and rural youth,including modern trait,traditional trait and social trait.The rural youth show much more traditional traits than the urban youth while the urban youth show much more modern traits and social traits.In the intergroup interaction,both the urban and rural youth show ingroup favoritism and outgroup derogation,and even ingroup derogation,but with no significant favor to outgroup.Both urban and rural youth think the evaluation from outgroup is inconsistent with the actual evaluation from outgroup.They think themselves are better and others' evaluation is lower.The contents of stereotype about urban and rural youth reflect the influence of Chinese social and cultural background.Meta-stereotype,as mediating variable,exists in the formation of stereotype,and intergroup attitudes also have effects on it.The stereotype about the urban and rural youth also exists in implicit level and there are some relationships between the test of explicit and implicit tests.It shows that some contents of stereotype are affected by social approval and dissembled to some extent. |
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