Research On The Local Military System Of Xinjiang Province During The Republic Of China (1912-1949)

After the outbreak of the 1911 Revolution,Xinjiang,like other parts of the country,has entered a special period of "warlords" in power.Under the chaotic situation of separatist warlord regimes,how to maintain political stability by maintaining limited force has become the primary consideration of Xinjiang rulers in the Republic of China era.The importance of this issue,for that Xinjiang is located in the northwest gateway of our country,and frontier defense task is arduous attribute,thus more clearly highlighted.Therefore,the construction of the military system,in detail,including the military establishment,organizational system,military service system,military logistics system,military education and training system and other aspects of the construction,has become the top priority of the Xinjiang rulers must consider.The military system of Xinjiang in the period of the Republic of China was the succession,innovation and development of the military system of Xinjiang in the Qing Dynasty under the wave of world military modernization.This paper consists of five parts:the military organization system of Xinjiang in the Republic of China,the military service system of Xinjiang in the Republic of China,military logistics and local economy,military training and education,military system,multi-ethnic society and border security.In the first chapter of this thesis,first of all,on the basis of a brief account of the system of Xinjiang's military government in the Qing Dynasty,it reviews the situation of Xinjiang's military reform during the New Deal in the late Qing Dynasty,and then,it makes textual research on the changes of Xinjiang's military organization system under different military construction ideas during the four stages of Yang Zengxin,Jin Shuren,Sheng Shicai and the period after the National Government came to power in Xinjiang.Through the textual research on the military establishment system,it can be seen that under the circumstances,one of the key principles of military administration is that the principal politicians strive to achieve the unification of the army and the Ministry of the province and the separation of the army and the government in various parts of the province.The second chapter focuses on the military service situation of Xinjiang in the Republic of China,defines the nature of the military service system,focusing on the ethnicity of the source of troops,native place attributes and the service status of soldiers,and further analyzes the rights and obligations of military service.The analysis shows that in the absence of a constructive discourse system for the central and local political construction at that time,its military service system is still difficult to get out of the stereotype of mercenary system under the traditional natural economic conditions.From this point of view,the military service system,similar to other parts of the country,has the characteristics of combining traditional mercenary system with forced recruitment.The third chapter studies the military logistics organization,the salary system of military officers and soldiers,the organization and management of ordnance in Xinjiang,and emphatically discusses the relationship between military expenditure raising and population and local economy.Through the collation and analysis of various data,it shows that Xinjiang's military pay became a heavy burden on local finance in the period of the Republic of China,which had a profound impact on local economy,local politics and even local society.The fourth chapter discusses the organization system of military education and training in Xinjiang,the contents of military education and training,and the influence of military education and training.It is believed that the military education and training system of Xinjiang in the Republic of China has evolved from studying Germany and Japan to imitating the Soviet Union and the United States,and embodies the distinct characteristics influenced by external factors.The fifth chapter firstly analyzes the international and domestic background of Xinjiang's military system changes in the Republic of China,trying to explore the law of military system development from the complicated situation at home and abroad.Then,from the perspective of Nationality and nationalism,to understand the relationship between the various elements more deeply.Finally,the paper summarizes the characteristics of the military system development in Xinjiang and Its Enlightenment to the border security.It holds that political stability and unity are the basis of border security,and adherence to cultural traditions plays a soul role in securing the border.It also holds that it is very important to strengthen the study of ethnic theory and build harmonious ethnic relations.Xinjiang is the gateway of the northwest frontier of China.Its political and military stability is directly related to the security of the frontier,as well as the national unity and territorial integrity.The content of the military system construction in Xinjiang during the period of the Republic of China was rather complicated.This paper,from five main aspects,mainly used the methods of history and ethnology,and consulted the theories of military and sociology,analyzed a large number of archives and documents,and made a textual research on the basis of comprehensive utilization of various existing achievements.The study holds that the military construction of Xinjiang in the Republic of China was closely related to the political,economic,ethnic,social,religious and cultural construction at that time.In the chaotic and complicated situation,despite all kinds of difficulties,the military of Xinjiang in the Republic of China basically realized the transformation to modernization and safeguarded the security of the frontier and National unity,and these experiences still have strong reference value and inspiration for today.