Study On The Abnormal Structure Of Human Bones In Banpo Type Tombs

The Banpo type tombs are an important basis for exploring the early burial customs and social nature of Yangshao culture.The role of tombs data is not only limited to cultural stages and burial systems,but also involves many aspects such as marriage and family,social nature,and religious concepts,and the foothold of the relevant research is the one-time use(burial)process.Even if the " second burial",the same tomb of different individual human bones is also moved in at the same time and one-time landfill.In recent years,in the excavation of tombs and related research,the abnormal position structure of buried human bones has attracted the attention of researchers,and some research progress has been made.In contrast,the cognitive results of Banpo tombs are often covered up by the one-time use process,even if some attention is paid to the abnormal structure of human bones.This view has not been questioned for a long time,is the burial process is regarded as classification standard,and is summed up by "one burial" and "two burial".In fact,the burial process itself is one of the problems that need to be discussed.If the burial process is used as the classification standard,the cognitive deviation of scientific analysis will inevitably be replaced by subjective judgment.On the contrary,It is helpful to analyze the forming process,forming conditions and forming reasons of human bone buried features,and to explore the social concept behind funeral behavior if the human bone buried features with abnormal position structure are objectively revealed as the classification standard.Because the tomb area is usually not dissected and cleaned,the evidence of the buried pile is untraceable.However,there are five types of human bone burial features in the banpo type,which can be divided into five categories: Basic complete and orderly,local bone bone displacement or missing,the whole displacement and neat,the overall displacement and put messy,the skeleton is sporadic or serious lack.Through the analysis of the formation process,conditions and causes of these human bone burial characteristics,the majority of human bone structure anomalies can rule out the natural factors in the living behavior and the original burial process,as well as the human factors in the later burial process,that is,the location structure of the human bone burial features is mostly caused by the funeral behavior of the burialprocess.Furthermore,through the comprehensive analysis of the burial characteristics of the single tomb and the multi-burial tomb,the use process of the Banpo type of grave can be determined mainly including one-time use and multiple use.The so-called one-time use of the judgment basis,mainly based on the human bone of the original burial position has not been disturbed.Human factors are the main reason for the abnormal structure of the burial bones in the grave,and it can be further separated by the different forms of pushing,scrambling,the whole moving out of the mass,and the whole of the whole thing.The purpose of burial is not exactly the same,or to obtain the necessary space of activity or burial space,or to deliberately disturb the bones,or to be buried again.In any case,the post-burial human activity should be social behavior,directly reflecting the burial and social values of society.The abnormal structure of these human bones can obviously correspond to many people multi-burial buried many times,disturbance and second burial.Among them,the research on the tombs of Banpo type in the past,there was no confirmation that many people multi-burial buried many times and disturbed burial.Disturb or as a "two times to disrupt the funeral funeral",although the first confirmed in Gansu and Qinghai prehistoric tombs,but is not unique to the area of the burial customs,can be traced back to at least the Banpo Yangshao culture.But the phenomenon of many people multi-burial buried many times in the Siwa culture Qijia culture,it seems difficult to completely exclude the burial customs and the origin relationship between Yangshao Banpo type.Burial structures,human bones,burial and burial ground,could be an important basis for analyzing the use process of grave.Only based on bones buried characteristics to explore the use of the burial process,can explain some problems,but the evidence in some thin.Therefore,the basic role of archeological stratigraphy is important,but it has to be borrowed from the burial method.Horizontal overall clean the tomb excavation method,the vast majority of burial lost landfill piled up information.Although the site of xipo cemetery has not been dissected,the record of landfill information is detailed,and the use process of the grave is analyzed from the perspective of burial(M29 as an example).The analysis results also confirm the necessity and feasibility of the method of burial analysis.The anatomical excavation should not be confined to the surface burial mound,but should include the tomb(including the burial path).The excavation process also needs to pay attention to andrecord the information of the buried accumulation.The results of the study on the use of the grave,such as the disrupted burial and many people multi-burial buried many times,broke the traditional concept of "one burial" for all tombs,and extended the concept and vision of the study of the tomb to a certain extent.These results not only highlight the necessity of anatomical excavation,but also contribute to the in-depth discussion of the concept of funeral,family and the concept of ethnicity.