Cognitive Analysis To Directional Verbs And Multi-dimensional Research About Directional Complement

Based on the theories of Cognitive Linguistics,Functional Linguistics and Communication,this paper starts with the exploration to directional verbs,and thenr reveals the typological significance of the directional complements.Based on"cognition" and according to "cognitive reference",this paper makes a detailed classification of directional verbs,analyses the "information blocks" in displacement events,and then analyses the syntactic of directional verbs from the perspective of"information",as well as the syntactic differences and word order when directional complements express different displacements.This paper analyses the derivative mechanisms and expressions of various semantics of directional complements from the aspect of "visual representation".This paper analyses the influence on the grammatical form and semantics of directional complement made by context,speaker's subjective perspective,communicative context and communicative function.Chapter 1 is the introduction,including the origin of the study,literature review,theoretical basis and research design.Chapter 2 is analysis to the internal differences of directional verbs.The"displacement" expressed by directional verbs can be divided into three types:agent displacement,patient displacement and position displacement.Cognitive reference is needed to recognize the phenomenon of "displacement",such as "foothold/field","place”,"relative position" and "spatial direction".Different directional verbs correspond to different "cognitive reference".Pragmatics and semantics of directional verbs need be in accordance with the displacement types and cognitive reference.Chapter 3 is analysis to the syntactic form of the directional verbs.By analyzing the difference between displacement activity " and displacement event",it is pointed out that displacement "event" includes four "information blocks":background,initiation,process and result.Directional verbs express the "result" of displacement and contain the "direction" information of displacement;verbs in Chinese have the function of"marking chunk combination",and the distance between verbs results in the structural differences between "verb complement" and "continuous verb";according to the strength of "verb",directional verbs can be divided into "weak verbs" and "strong verbs",the former can only be used as complement,and the latter can be used as complement or predicate verb.When expressing the agent displacement,different cognitive reference,information processing and focus of attention,whether displacement involves "location",and whether the "location" is the end point,starting point or path of displacement will have an impact on the syntactic form of the directional verb.Chapter 4 is analysis to the syntactic forms of orientation complement when it expresses position displacement and patient displacement.The "information block" of position displacement and patient displacement is more complex than that of agent displacement,and the "Ba" sentence can better present its "information block" and their interrelationship,balance the position competition between complement and object in syntax,so it is the "dominant order" of expressing position displacement and patient displacement;the position relationship between compound directional complement and object will affect the semantic structure and combination relationship.The "post-object" form is a typical "Verb-Complement" structure.The "pre-object"form can be regarded as "Serial Verb" structure or Telescopic Form.The"Chinese-object" can be regarded as "Telescopic Form" or "Verb-Complement" plus"lai/qu".The syntactic form of directional complement reflects the "bamboo structure" and "verb core" of Chinese sentences,and embodies the characteristics of Chinese,including image thinking and rhythm.Chapter 5 is analysis to the semantic derivation and characteristics of the directional complement.Directional complement expresses the "visual representation" of displacement,and its basic meaning is a comprehensive expression of displacement"process","result" and "direction".On the basis of this meaning,through "information addition" and "metaphor" in visual representation,directional complement can express "result" and "state changing".All the three types of meaning related to"change".The directional complement is a comprehensive expression of the starting point,direction or process end or result of "change";"pragmatics”promotes the semantic development of directional complement,and needs to analyze the semantic meaning of directional complement in the context of concrete "pragmatics".Chapter 6 is analysis to the pragmatic of directional complements from the perspective of context,perspective and information.The standpoint of "lai/qu" is related to the context of "scene" switching,the speaker's "viewpoint" switching,the speaker's psychological position and so on;"V-shang" and "V-xia" can express the same events,reflecting the language's "subjectivity" and "perspective" differences;"V-shang" corresponds to "location" perspective and "agent" perspective,highlighting "subjective expectation" and "V-xia" corresponding to "subjective expectation",the perspective of the patient,highlighting the objective result;the directional complement can convey or strengthen the information of "result" and"change",can lead to the information of "judgment" and "hint",Corresponding to the types of information,the influence on semantics is different when the directional complement is removed.Chapter 7 is analysis to the pragmatic of directional complement from the perspective of communicative situation and communicative function.Communicative situations can be divided into "dialogue" and "monologue".Communicative functions can be divided into "telling"," imperative","narrating","describing","commentary",etc.Communicative functions affect the syntactic forms of directional complementst.It serves the needs of communication,either to supplement information,eliminate misunderstandings,or to convey communicative intentions,or to enhance the effect of expression.Chapter 8 is the conclusion,summarizing the research harvest,reflecting on the value and shortcomings of the research.Through the cognitive investigation to the directional verb,this paper explores the directional complement in a multi-dimensional way.It has a deeper understanding of the directional verb and the directional complement,deepens the understanding of the characteristics of Chinese,and has enlightenment to the teaching of Chinese as a foreign language.