The Research On Name-borrowing Essays In Warring States Period

This paper consists of three parts:introduction,the text and conclusion.The introduction part mainly defines and clarifies the research concept.Firstly,it introduces the connotation and significance of the research topic in this paper.Secondly,it classifies and summarizes the existing research results of previous generations."Name-borrowing" is a kind of creative phenomenon that relies on real historical figures to fabricate their relevant deeds or words.The relevant stories created by using the method of imitated support are "Name-borrowing essays".The main part of the paper,the first chapter is entitled Introduction and summary of "Name-borrowing essays".This chapter mainly introduces the basic concepts and connotations of the name of the Name-borrowing essays and the factors of the times that prompted the creation of the works.As far as its meaning is concerned,the word "Name-borrowing" should have the connotation of "speculation and creation".That is to say,it is supposed to be based on the person in which it resides,and it is supposed to speak for and pronounce for him.The "text" in this paper is not the meaning of literary form,but the text work in terms of its content.From this point of view,the study of "Name-borrowing essays" in this paper is a textual work that fabricates the words and stories of real historical figures.During the Warring States Period,social changes,disputes among princes,schools of thought,opinions,debates among scholars,and lobbying among scholars.These have brought about the diversity of creative purposes and the complexity of creative techniques in this period.It is closely accompanied by the changes and disputes of the Warring States that the Name-borrowing essays were bred and grew up,and these essays have their unique features of the times.Moreover,the prospective Name-borrowing essays has its universality,which shows prosperity and splendor in the works of this period.The changes of current situation,economy and the status of scholars have brought about the conflicts of interests,nations and schools.The tendency of fiction in the works intended to be entrusted during this period is the inevitable outcome of the theme of "change" and "struggle" in the Warring States Period.This paper summarizes the judging features of the Name-borrowing essays into seven categories:misplaced years,contrary to thoughts,out of the environment,contrary to history,absurd content,unreasonableness and illogicality,narrative repetition,and so on.As for the connotation analysis of the text itself,because the text itself has the basic characteristics of fiction and truthfulness,they are not only interrelated,but also different from other works such as historical books,literary novels,and "Shuo ti" stories in the Pre-Qin Period.They have a lot of commonalities and some differences.The second chapter of the thesis is entitled "Textual research and analysis of the Name-borrowing essays in Zhanguoce".This chapter mainly takes the country as the category,then we will textually examine the fictitious nature contained in the book"Zhanguoce",and explore the analysis of the motivation of the relevant articles and the connotation of the text.In the Warring States Period,lobbying has become a necessary way for scholars to advance.If the scholars want to make full use of their theories and take advantage of the princes,they must study the skills of speculation,so as to be able to lobby and argue.Thus,a number of stories about horizontal and contingency came into being.Numerous Name-borrowing essays in Zhanguoce were produced under the promotion of the speculation in Warring States.The specific purpose of these works is motivated by two factors:on the one hand,it is due to conformity and imitation,on the other hand,it is due to study and practice.Although the tactics of Name-borrowing essays were only for scholars' lobbying at that time,their uniqueness lies in that they not only presented the special phenomenon of scholars' lobbying under the historical period of the Warring States Period,but also presented the reference of literary materials,as well as their own fiction and model.The simulated reality is very similar to the creation of dramas'script later.The third chapter of the thesis is entitled "Textual research and analysis of the Name-borrowing essays in Yanzichunqiu".This chapter first classifies the characters and examines the fictitious nature of the stories in the book in sections.The book Yanzichunqiu,is mostly the story of Yanzi's prophecy.This book is made up of a large number of admonish stories,which are closely related to the training and creation of discussing politics by Jixia Bachelors.Especially,such works as simulation stories"on same topic" are based on the same topic and colleagues,which strengthens the argumentation part of the article and makes the characteristics of "speaking" in the article.In order to maximize the play and highlight.It can better reflect the distinct meaning of simulated drilling in the plot and theme of the text.Based on this,this paper also discusses the ideological connotation and text characteristics of Yanzichunqiu.On the ideological issues embodied in Yanzichunqiu,there are many debates among the predecessors,such as Confucianism,Mohism,non-Confucianism,non-Mohism,Confucianism and Mohism.The stories in this book,which are intended to be deduced by Yanzi,are mostly in line with the Confucian,Mohist or Strategists thoughts.These stories,whether explaining Confucian concepts of emphasizing rites and music and suspicion of ghosts and gods,or discussing Mohism's ideas of saving money and lobbying for the people,or drawing lessons from the argumentation and lobbying skills of strategists,are not far away from the realistic aspects of political administration,such as safeguarding the political situation and appeasing the people.It can be said that Yanzichunqiu is just using theory to create political works that are suitable for real politics and apply abstract ideas to the creation of simulating political life.The forth chapter of the thesis is entitled "Textual research and analysis of the Name-borrowing essays in Zhuangzi ".Firstly,this chapter classifies the characters into three sections and makes a textual research on the fictional nature of Name-borrowing essays in Zhuangzi.Zhuangzi does have a large number of fictitious works,which are mostly produced in the process of the author's nomination.Name-borrowing essays in Zhuangzi draw on a large number of ancient sages and other characters to summarize the ancient and modern,super-free and vulgar customs.Among them,there are not only ancient kings with outstanding virtues,but also scholars with long-standing reputation,as well as the famous hermits.The purpose of Zhuangzi's Name-borrowing essays is naturally to explain Taoist theory and thought appropriately.The creator of the Name-borrowing essays relies on famous figures to make it up,which can deepen the effect of Zhuangzi's theory and argumentation.As far as the connotation of the proposed Name-borrowing essays is concerned,the writing of Zhuangzi is known for its absurd and unconstrained imagination.Imagination and exaggeration are indispensable factors in related works because the fictional creation of Name-borrowing essays is based on real characters.The fifth chapter of the thesis is entitled "Textual research and analysis of the Biography of Mu Tianzi".The first section of this chapter explores the non recorded nature of the Biography of Mu Tianzi and examines the attributes of fictional creation contained in this book.It can be seen from many factors in the the Biography of Mu Tianzi,such as transmission,departure from the age,departure from the environment,ancient mystery,language mistakes and so on,that this book is not the textual feature of the real record works.Not only that,but also this book has quite obvious social features,geographical forms and creative grammar features of the Warring States Period.It is further inferred that Mu Zhuan was probably extended and deduced by the name of King Zhou Mu during the Warring States Period.It can be said that this book should be a typical Name-borrowing fiction work.Secondly,combining with the background of the rise of the Warring States intellectuals,this section explores the creative motivation of the Biography of Mu Tianzi.From the non historical nature of Mu Zhuan and the development of rational spirit during the Warring States Period,this book should be neither written by historians nor by wizards.By examining the active and flourishing scholar groups at that time,we can find that the form of Mu Zhuan borrowed the name of King Mu of Zhou Dynasty,as well as various textual features of the book which are in line with the creation of the Warring States Period,all reveal that the formation of this book is probably closely related to the creation of scholar.The Biography of Mu Tianzi is probably a fictional interpretation of the legend of King Mu's westward journey when the Warring States scholars participated in political activities.Considering the specific country of its author,which was discovered only in Jin Dynasty and rarely handed down,biography of Mu Tianzi would not be widely circulated at that time,so the possibility of its author,especially the scholar of Wei State,was the greatest.In the last section of this chapter,we discuss the text connotation of the Biography of Mu Tianzi.Many scholars have classified this book as a kind of literary novel,and this section proves the unsatisfactory points of relevant theories.It should be said that from the narrative,fictional and storytelling aspects of literary fiction,there are some similarities between the Biography of Mu Tianzi and the style of literary novel.But the Biography of Mu Tianzi can not be regarded as a novel work.Firstly,this book is not for people to appreciate from the beginning of its creation,and this book does not reach the aesthetic pleasure of the creative elements of the novel works.Secondly,as far as the content of the text is concerned,there are many factors in the content of the Biography of Mu Tianzi that cannot be matched with the novel works.The sixth Chapter of the thesis is entitled "Textual research and analysis of the Name-borrowing essays of the unearthed documents in recent years".This chapter is based on the ancient bamboo and silk books found in recent years,such as Chu bamboo slips of the Warring States Period in Shanghai Museum and Bamboo slips of the Warring States Period in Tsinghua University.For example,"Zigao in Shangbo bamboo slips" is a record of Confucius and his student's talk,there is a dispute on the theory of three kings' born,and a contradiction between Confucius' interpretation of legends and the records of handed down documents.Therefore this document should be a Name-borrowing essay.As"Government of state" in Tsinghua slips,it contains statements that are contrary to the era of Confucius,and has diverse ideas,so it also should be a Name-borrowing essay.Similar examples include several articles in Shangbo bamboo slips,such as the drought in Lu Country,the way of Xiangbang,Ji Gengzi asked Confucius,and Confucius saw Ji Huanzi.There are some Name-borrowing essays written by utilizing historical figures such as the kings of Yin and Zhou Dynasties and the princes of the Warring States."Qiye in Tsinghua bamboo slips" is different from etiquette and ideas,this document should be a Name-borrowing essay.There are many similar cases in Shangbo and Tsinghua bamboo slips.And there are some Name-borrowing essays of Yiyin in Shang Dynasty."Red swans in house of Tang" in Tsinghua slips has fictitious new plots,it should be a Name-borrowing essay."Tang in Tangqiu" and "Tang in Chimen" in Tsinghua slips are all about questions and answers between Tang and Yiyin,with traces of intentional arrangement and decoration,they probably also are Name-borrowing essays.Finally,the seventh chapter of the thesis is entitled "Literariness and significance of the Name-borrowing essays".This chapter systematically summarizes and analyses the phenomena of Name-borrowing during the Warring States Period,including the literary characteristics of proscribed writing,an analysis of the situation of "entering history" of Name-borrowing essays,and the literary significance of Name-borrowing essays.As far as the definition and connotation of the proposed Name-borrowing essays itself is concerned,the documentary nature of the characters should be the primary feature contained in the relevant works.However,the creativity nature of the fictional works is the focus of the creator,with the help of historical figures and background,so the fictional works also have creative characteristics.With its own profound significance of inheritance and pioneering significance,it can indeed be said that it is an important literary creation phenomenon bred under the unique background of the Warring States Period.The conclusion part summarizes the overall characteristics of Name-borrowing essays in the Warring States Period.Generally speaking,from the two aspects of handed down works and unearthed documents,among all kinds of narrative prose works in the Warring States Period,the Name-borrowing essays have been extremely and deeply impressive.