A Study On The "Biran(必然)" Category Of Modal Adverbs In Modern Chinese

Based on Three aspects of grammar,combined with the modality system,this dissertation uses the research methods of synchronic and diachronic,qualitative and quantitative to study the modal adverbs of“Biran”category in modern Chinese from the microcosmic point of view Description and analysis.On the basis of previous studies,we have redefined the nature and scope of modal adverbs of necessity in modern Chinese(12 members in total),and divided them into four categories:“BiLei(“必”类)”(Bi必,Biding必定,Biran必然,Bijiang必将,Shibi势必),typical“DingLei(典型“定”类)”(Ding定,Dingran定然),“ZhunLei(“准”类)”(Zhun准,Yizhun一准,Zhunbao准保,Zhunding准定),marginal“DingLei(边缘“定”类)”(Yiding一定).This dissertation focuses on the“BiLei”class.There are eight chapters in this dissertation.The first chapter is the introduction.The content of this chapter is mainly to review the origin of the topic,summarize the research status of modal adverbs in modern Chinese,and introduce our theoretical basis,research methods,research objects and corpus sources.The second chapter is the nature and category of modal adverbs of n“Biran(必然)”category in modern Chinese.On the one hand,based on the summary of the existing research,this dissertation defines the nature and scope of the inevitable modal adverbs in modern Chinese with five reference standards:1.Position: fixed position,not in front of the subject,basically in the sentence,mostly VP adverbs.2.Appear before “Shi(是)”.3.In case of table negation,it appears in front of “Bu(不)”.4.subjectivity: the subjective comment is not the outermost layer of syntactic position,but the outermost layer of propositional meaning.5.Prepositiveness: it is at the front when it is used together with other adverbs(adverbs other than modal adverbs).On the other hand,it classifies the members of the modal adverbs of“Biran(必然)”category in modern Chinese according to the above criteria according to the syntactic distribution characteristics,stylistics and prototype viewpoints:1.“BiLei(“必”类)”:Bi必,Biding必定,Biran必然,Bijiang必将,Shibi势必2.typical“DingLei(典型“定”类)”:Ding定,Dingran定然3.“ZhunLei(“准”类)”:Zhun准,Yizhun一准,Zhunbao准保,Zhunding准定4.marginal“DingLei(边缘“定”类)”:Yiding一定The third chapter is aboutthe grammatical function of “Bi(必)”.Starting from three aspects,we investigate the co-occurrence relationship between “Bi(必)”and other kinds(for example,“Bi(必)”can be followed by independent verbs and independent adjective,also can be summed up with [+persistence] and [+autonomy]),the comparison of ancient and modern meanings of “Bi(必)”,the semantic active factors of “Bi(必)”,the semantic direction of “Bi(必)”(the difference between “Bi(必)” after interval and“Bi(必)”next to it),“Bi(必)”and style,sentence types,sentence state,tense and the pragmatic relationship between background information and focus information.Analying the reasons why “Bi(必)”can appear in advertising style.The fourth chapter still analyzes the grammatical function of“Biding(必定)”from syntax,semantics and pragmatics.First,comparing“Biding(必定)”and“Bi(必)”,“Biding(必定)”and“Yiding(一定)”by describing the combination and co-occurrence of“Biding(必定)”and negative words,other adverbs,modal verbs,verbs,adjectives and modal words at the end of a sentence.Then,discussing the dictionary interpretation,semantic active factors,semantic direction of“Biding(必定)”and it’s rules with style,sentence types,sentence state,tense and aspect,the relationship between the three kinds of background information that can be connected the truth degree of focus information,we can find the explainationwhich cause this phenomenon.The fifth chapter is the grammatical function of“Biran(必然)”.Thisword is the core member of the modal adverbs of“Biran(必然)”category,so we use the semantic features related to“Biran(必然)”to named this kind of modal adverbs.“Biran(必然)”can not only show the typical characteristics,but also show its own unique personality.In modern Chinese,“Biran(必然)”has different parts of speech,so according to its co-occurrence with negative words,other adverbs and modal verbs,we can define its adverb parts of speech,also compare its different syntactic features with“Bi(必)”and“Biding(必定)”.Syntactic form is not only related to general grammar theory,but also directly influenced by communicative intention.Even communicative intention can play a decisive role in language form.Therefore,after describing the syntactic function of“Biran(必然)”,we summarize the dictionary interpretation,semantic jump factors and semantic direction of“Biran(必然)”,find out“Biran(必然)”is related to verbs“Zhidao(知道)”,"Renwei(认为)"and their combining types.At last,talk about the ability of“Biran(必然)”and sentence types,sentence state,style,tense and“Biran(必然)”to connect the background information and focus information under the causal relationship.The sixth chapter in order to facilitate the comparison between“Shibi(势必)”and other membersof“Bi(必)”category,the investigation items in this part are consistent with“Biding(必定)”and“Biran(必然)”.But because“Shibi(势必)”is an adverb formed by solidification of cross layer structure,which has a special lexicalization process,we have made a more detailed introduction.“Shibi(势必)”,“Biran(必然)”and“Bijiang(必将)”are three adverbs with strong commonality,so in this chapter,we will strengthen the contrast between“Shibi(势必)”and“Biran(必然)”,then make the contrast between“Shibi(势必)”and“Bijiang(必将)”in the next chapter.Because of the possible negative modality tendency of“Shibi(势必)”,it can play the role of interactive subjectivity in communication,that means negative meaning does not necessarily affect the current sentence,it may affect the listener or both sides of the communication(Chapter 6,Section 2 for details).When examining the relationship between“Shibi(势必)”and style,we find that“Shibi(势必)”which is rare in literary style appears in a large proportion of Japanese translated literature.The seventh chapter is the grammatical function of the inevitable modal adverb“Bijiang(必将)”.This chapter used the same research ideas as before to examine the grammatical function of“Bijiang(必将)”,and explains the personality of“Bijiang(必将)”.On this basis,it compares the grammatical functions of“Bijiang(必将)”,“Shibi(势必)”and“Biran(必然)”when they are collocated with modal verbs and the selection tendency of the positive and negative context.The eighth chapter is the conclusion.In this part,we summarized the main points of this dissertation,and elaborate the innovation and shortcomings of this dissertation.