A Study On The Land Relationship Of Qar?in Left Wing Banner In Qing Dynasty

The land relationship is an important issue in the study of economic history.There is no fixed pattern of land relationship,anddifferent regions and nationalities have completely different land relationship.It is of great significance to understand the various living conditions of the people in a certain region in a certain era,the development and evolution of the economic and society,and even to understand the operation and evolution of relevant systems of a certain countryat the macro level through the study of land relationship.Since the 1990 s,with the acceleration of the use of archives,the study of Mongolian history during Qing Dynasty has entered a new stage and achieved fruitful results.However,the study of land relationship is still weak and has room for expansion.Guided by the historical materialism of Marxism,this dissertation makes a comprehensive use of the theories and methods of history,economics,ethnology and other disciplines to discuss the land relationship of the Qarchin Left Wing Banner in Qing Dynasty so as to enrich and deepen the comprehensive understanding of the modern transformation of Inner Mongolia and even Chinese society.The dissertation consists of three parts: introduction,the main body and the conclusion.The Introduction introduces the basis and significance of the topic selection,the research situation at home and abroad,the scope of discussion and research methods,as well as the mainly usedhistorical materials.Chapter One discusses the land distribution of the Qar?in Left Wing Banner in Qing Dynasty.It includes the Mongolian land distribution system before Qing Dynasty,the land distribution pattern,the influencing factors,the contradiction between people and land,and the solutionsof the Qarchin Left Wing Banner in Qing Dynasty.Chapter Two examines the mode of land use.It mainly analyzes and discusses the land supply structure,the geographical distribution of demanders,the middle class of land supply and demand — Mongolian and Lan tou(the responsible chief)as well as the usury immersed land relations.Chapter Three discusses the land rent of the Qar?in Left Wing Banner.It includes an objective analysis of a series of issues such as the distribution ofrent collection land,the process of land rent collection,the form of land rent collection and rent arrears,sorting out and interpreting the Mongolian documents between the government offices of Rehe Dutong,Tazigou Council Member,Jianchang County and the Jasa?(government offices)of Qar?in Left Wing Banner regarding the issue of land rent,and analyzing the attitude,actions and approaches of the organizations abovein solving the problems of rent arrears.Chapter Fourmainly examines the "invisible form" of land sales.This chapter analyzes and studies the generation,development,nature and influence of the "invisible form" of land sales by applying Marxism value formdevelopment theory.Chapter Five mainly discusses the land reclamation,the local people and things of the Qar?in Left Wing Banner.This chapter mainly makes a detailed,accurate and objective analysis and research on the land reclamation and administrative system of the Qar?in Left Wing Banner in Qing Dynasty,the roles played by Jasac,Tabun'ong,officials with caps,captures,various village groups,and the types and characteristics of the land disputes.Chapter Sixmainly discusses the illegal reclamation of the Bayanchagan Mountain which was the sealed mountain by the Palace of Prince in Daoguang period and Xianfeng period and the countermeasures through a typical example of the land reclamation in Qing Dynasty.Chapter Seven gives a typical example of the wasteland dispute--the badlands dispute among the three villages of the alkali factory.The investigation and research are mainly from the perspectives of encroached land,and the reconciliation and adjustment.The Conclusion summarizes the characteristics of the changeof the land relationship ofthe Qar?in Left Wing Banner from the aspects of land distribution,land use mode,land rent,alienated land sale and land dispute.Archives are "living fossils",cultural marks and historical context.This dissertation is the first systematic and intensive use of the original Mongolian archives of the Jasa? Yamen of Qar?in Left Wing Banner during Qing Dynasty.The archives are collected in Inner Mongolia Archives and Qar?in Left Wing Mongolian Autonomous County Archives in Chaoyang City,Liaoning Province.The archive dates from 1721 to 1932 and spans 211 years.Inner Mongolia Archives has 10,810 volumes of Qing Dynasty archives;the collection of Mongolian archives contains about 5,000 pieces of 9 million words in Qar?in Left Wing Mongolian Autonomous County Archives in Chaoyang City,Liaoning Province.After many years of efforts,the collection of Mongolian language archives has been compiled into 10 volumes,providing great convenience for sharing and utilization.