The Land Problems Of The Center Banner Of Ordos Right-wing And Its Social Effects

The Right-wing center banner of Ordos is belonging to Qing dynasty. Habitually, it was named as otog banner.At the end of Qing dynasty, because of the various reasons and purposes where changed their conventional policies to Mongolian, and started to cultivate the land. Moreover, the people who spread the foreign religions leased/rented and bought a lot of lands for their debts, as the same time, the officials and nobilities rented and sold out their lands thanks to their debts, which brought many serious and negative influences to local economics, finances, social communities, natural environments and so on. Because of these problems, the local people revolted against the governments and the officials and nobles had to take some actions to the severe situation. This paper mainly illustrated the land issues of otog banner at the time and its impacts, according to the public accounts of the time, fieldworks and interviews in otog, local historical records and data.The paper is comprised of the preface, basic three parts, conclusions and so on. the preface includes the reasons of the topic selection, research profile, related raw materials, research innovations and approaches as well as structure of the essay. besides, the first part of the main content showed the overview of the Right-wing center banner in Ordos, such as the origin of otog banner, geographical position and the changes of social economy. However, the second part primarily demonstrated the concrete situation about how the land was rented and sold out and its negative effects.It was discussed in this part that the lands were rented and sold out by governments for cultivation and religious debt as well as by nobles and officials for their debts. Meanwhile, the life of the local people were influenced greatly and lost their independent rights of their lands, due to these serious problems, which was also explained in this part. In the third part, the efforts and contributions by the official called Jamyaxireb who was aware of understood the peoples resistance and difficulties of his banner at that time were described.Finally, the paper summarized the main contents and basic concepts about the land issues of the time.