Research On The Geography Of Jiangxi Traditional Dwellings

Traditional dwellings are an important carrier of Chinese traditional culture.The protection of traditional dwellings and the inheritance of regional culture are the important content of regional cultural revitalization,and also the important theme of the organic renewal on regional cultural landscape.Jiangxi is a relatively complete physical geographical unit and a stable administrative geographical unit.Its residential dwellings have a long history of development and obvious regional characteristics.In recent years,traditional dwellings have been paid more attention by researchers.Papers on traditional dwellings in Jiangxi mainly focus on the protection and utilization of dwellings,types of dwellings,and cultures of dwellings.However,there is no systematic exploration on the origin and process of development of regional dwellings,regional characteristics under large sample of regional dwellings,spatial and temporal differentiation pattern of regional dwellings and its causes.In addition,the cultural division of traditional dwellings is mainly confined to typology,which has failed to form a broad consensus.On the basis of previous studies,this paper mainly adopts the research paradigm of "process-patterns-mechanism",based on underground archaeological excavation,above-ground preserved examples and documentary materials,and strives to make a comprehensive and systematic study of cultural geography of traditional dwellings of Jiangxi province issues,so as to provide a relatively complete impression of traditional dwellings in Jiangxi for the academic circle.The main research contents and conclusions are as follows:(1)Based on the archaeological excavations(before 266AD),documentary records(266-1949),we puts forward the local-style dwellings of Jiangxi "the double source",far and near,during the development history of Jiangxi traditional dwellings before the Ming dynasty."Far" is in the Pre-Qin period,(before BC221)during the period,local-style dwelling building materials,shape,structure support and construction techniques have formed a certain specification.In the Song and Yuan dynasties(960-1368),the summary of the standard from official construction extended to rural dwellings,during in urban-rural interaction,which laid the foundation for the follow-up development.The development of traditional dwellings between the two sources is in one continuous line.There is continuity and integration,as well as innovation and reform during the periods in the course.(2)According to the existing traditional dwellings and "dwellings rom document ",the development process of Jiangxi dwellings is reviewed since the Ming and Qing dynasties(1368-1912).It is found that spread in the commercial,migration,social unrest and outland penetration of fierce struggle.During the Ming and Qing dynasties and the Republic of China(1912-1949),dwelling of Jiangxi regional differentiation pattern has been formed.Since the Song and Yuan Dynasties,the construction techniques of dwelling in Jiangxi province have been summarized more but innovated less.Since the Ming Dynasty,Jiangxi dwellings have been distributed symmetrically along multi-level water systems or basins.The spatial distribution of dwellings is correlated with the dynamic differentiation of population.(3)The spatial distribution of Jiangxi's existing traditions by means of concentration index,dispersion degree and kernel density have explored in this paper.The results have showed that the quantity of Ming dynasty residence dwellings preservation are less,the Qing dynasty,the Republic of China are more.According to the analysis results of the nearest distance index,the traditional residential dwellings(villages)in Jiangxi are concentrated in the county scale.From the perspective of geographical concentration index,the trend of concentration is presented.Through Gini coefficient analysis,the spatial distribution of traditional dwellings groups(villages)at the prefecture-level city is presented a central trend.The results of nuclear density analysis further follow up the spatial clustering of traditional dwellings.The results show that,at the county level,the spatial distribution density of traditional dwellings in Jinxi,Jizhou,Qingyunpu,Xiangdong and Zhushan is relatively high.At the prefectural level,Fuzhou and Jingdezhen have higher spatial density of traditional dwellings.The Geoda software is used to analyze the global autocorrelation of the traditional dwellings in Jiangxi province.The results show that the spatial distribution of the traditional dwellings in Jiangxi has significant spatial autocorrelation and presents an obvious tendency of aggregation(4)On the basis of analyzing the spatial and temporal distribution pattern and combining with the content of " dwellings from document ",the traditional dwellings in some counties of Jiangxi province are selected for further analysis.Based on the restoration results,the traditional dwellings in Jiangxi are summarized into three main types and several secondary types.The main types have the characteristics of wide distribution and great influence,and are the main support for the dialogue between the traditional dwellings in Jiangxi and the surrounding areas.The secondary type has regional microclimate,which further enriches the regional characteristics of Jiangxi traditional dwellings.The types of dwellings in different cities show a cross distribution,mainly including the distribution of the same type of dwellings in different cities and the distribution of multiple types in the same city.(5)Based on the restoration results of traditional dwellings in counties and the sorting out of traditional dwellings in prefecture-level cities,following the preliminary qualitative judgment and quantitative principle of natural generration,based on the influencing factors of traditional dwellings and their own characteristic standards,the author preliminarily classifies and classifies the materials,forms and techniques of traditional dwelling.It has formed the idea of technology regional division in terms of result,material and shape.On the basis of single element classification and partitioning,8 elements of indicators and 12 corresponding secondary indicators are constructed in the aspect of comprehensive regionalization.The factor weight coefficient of elements is determined from the importance and possible combination of elements,and the possible raster layer overlapping processing is done.Based on the index system of county level division,a two-level stratified division is completed which is higher than county level and lower than province level.The process of zoning is divided from top to bottom and merge from bottom to top.The two paths are connected at the city level to complete the conduction polymerization of different spatial scales.Thus it is divided into six traditional local-style dwellings of Jiangxi culture area,namely,the Hakka residential district,Lu Ling patio-courtyard dwellings culture area,Fuzhou-Linchuan patio residence culture area,Dawu residence of Western Jiangxi culture area,Guangxin Hui-style residential culture area,similar official-commercial residence culture area of around Poyang lake region,and 12 sub-districts.It basically reflects the temporal and spatial law,as well as internal relation of Jiangxi traditional dwellings areas.(6)The formation of Jiangxi traditional residential cultural district is driven by a variety of influencing factors and combinations of elements.The influencing factors come from geographical constraints,long-term historical accumulation,distribution and migration of the population,the differences between the regional economic development level,development level of science and technology(especially building skills),regional policy to promote,security needs,residents' cultural concept,and the continued accumulation of habits and customs,etc.The different combinations of many elements and the driving forces generated are quite different in different cultural district.In general,geographical environment and historical foundation are the fundamental driving force,residents' construction expectation is the external driving force,and external impact force is the direct driving force.In the driving model,the driving force comes from the supporting force system and the impelling force system.The nine driving forces of the two systems drive fully in four spatial type,formed a multi-scale traditional residential cultural area in Jiangxi.The driving model is quantified by the dynamic system model of the cultural spatial evolution of traditional dwellings,and a nonlinear continuous time Markov dynamic model with predictive function is constructed.This study greatly expanded the time-space view of traditional dwellings' research,and as a new exploration of traditional residential study from static to dynamic,time period to process,differentiation pattern to genesis mechanism,and single-family houses to settlement research patterns.The results will provide the foundation or possibility for the cultural regionalization and the multi-scale transformation of the culture of traditional dwellings in Jiangxi.It provides a new basis for the in-depth study of Jiangxi cultural regionalization and traditional dwellings culture,and also provides some references for the protection and utilization of traditional dwellings in Jiangxi province.