| Since 2000,China has entered the aging society.In recent years,with development of economy and society,the progress of medical technology,the extension of life expectancy of people,the number of elderly population rose steeply.Up to 2014 the total number of people aged over 60 has exceeded 200 million people.On the other hand,the negative effects began to highlight to implement the population planning policy over years."4-2-1"family has become the main force to promote China's population structure aging speed.With the rapid development of industrialization and urbanization,the appearance of social risk of low fertility,spatial separation of intergenerational population,the change of traditional cultural values,the equilibrium state of the original family intergenerational support is broken.The imbalance in the intergenerational support has resulted in the reduction of the intensity of the family pension.This is means that the level of support decreased by offspring support to their patents.The change of the intensity of the family pension limits the supply structure of the pension services.The caring demand forced to transfer to social system because of unbalance of intergenerational support within the family.However,it does not indicate that the aged abandon family caring pattern.The centralized social caring has become a new orientation.After the investigation shows that regardless of the status of intergenerational support,the aged selective preference has not changed.They are prefer for the family care especially for the home care.Therefore,the social home care model has become current optimization program because it combines the benefits of social caring and home care.Thought analyzing to the changes of caring model of in intergenerational support,we can conclude that:in intergenerational support balance period,the small-scale peasant economy,the isomorphic of patriarchal clan system and the traditional filial culture together to support the traditional family pension mode.And after the founding of the People's Republic of China although it is experienced that economic and social developed and the system was changed,but intergenerational support was still in a period of relative stability because planned economy,unit security system and the collective first culture became operating foundation of unit security system of family caring.After the reform and opening up,due to the macro and micro factors,the trend of intergenerational support imbalance became more obvious,but under the market economy,the social security system and the new filial piety culture protection,the transformation from family caring to the socialized home caring of old-age has a very reasonable logic.Analyzing from the perspective of welfare pluralism,the subjects of social home service include not only family but also the government,market and society.In the foundation of participating and decentralization of multiple subjects,every subject can take advantage of their superiority functions to meet the diversified needs of the elderly.From the perspective of analysis,the transformation from family support to social home-based endowment includes the following four driving factors:the self-transforming need of family endowment function,changing the role of government policy support and system guarantee,home care of the social subject's development having improved significantly,besides home care service industry has developed rapidly.Family,the drive of government,society and the market together promote the necessity and feasibility of the transformation from the home endowment to the socialized home for the aged.In order to meet the needs and wills that the elderly want to social home services,some of more developed regions in our country,according to their own financial income level,social and market pension service industry development,carried out the characteristics of social home care service model.Shanghai established procurement service system under the guidance of the government.Suzhou implemented virtual nursing home under government and commercial enterprise cooperation.Ningbo took advantage of government+NGO cooperation to supply the old-age home service mode.Bold innovations were praised by the elderly unanimously in these places.But the role of government is still large in these home caring practices.Even with society and market organizations,the most type of servicers is mostly dependent,non competition designated type.Contracting norms fuzzy and cooperative object fixation caused that the enthusiasm of social and market field participation is very low.The aged can only get the contents of a single service and the service level is not high.The sustainable development of these service patterns was questioned.In view of this,because our country have a culture of homologous and similar familism background with Japan and South Korea and facing low birthrate and aging under the elderly preferring to get services at home in common.Japan and South Korea's social home care and pension system have been relatively mature after years of policy reform and innovation and have a very good reference and Enlightenment significance to us.First of all,the two countries have established a relatively perfect formal support system in order to relieve the weakening of family pension function caused by the imbalance of intergenerational support.Government and society,market organizations have widely collaboration.They constructed multi-level function specific caring agencies and facilities for the elderly.Under the guidance of the specialized laws and regulations and according to the level of care for the elderly,they targeted for the elderly to provide much-needed services.In addition to,the quality of nursing personnel and the effect of care services have strict access and evaluation system,which can guarantee the quality of home care services.In this review,we should change the single fragmented supply structure and create a multi-collaborative supply frame.First,on the welfare pluralism perspective to design the subjects of social home endowment pattern,we should divide delineated rights and responsibilities of each subject based on the role of service "providers"(the government)and "producers"(family,the market and the society).Secondly,according to the theoretical framework of synergistic governance theory,design multiple collaborative supply structure of social home care.And clear synergistic supply subjects,rules,tools and design and improve the collaborative supply network.Finally,perfect the operating mechanism of social home care multi-cooperative supply model.Through constructing incentive mechanism of culture and system,social resources integration mechanism and multi-dimensional supervision and evaluation mechanism ensure that social home care supply can be smoothly realized. |
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