Research On Construction Of Urban Social Old-age Service System From The Perspectives Of Supply And Demand

During the accelerating process of population aging in China,some features have drawn our attention,such as the high dependency coefficient for the elderly,the clear aging trend,the intensified empty nest and incapacitation phenomena,the acute contradiction of getting old before getting rich,as well as the increasing demand of old-age service.Consequently,the family supporting function is weakened and the traditional family supporting service could not satisfy the demands of the elderly.Currently,it is urgent to address such a major social problem-how to establish the scientific system of social old-age service with perfect structure and complete functions,which should meet various demands of the elderly.Under this background,Nanning,the capital city of Guangxi province,is chosen as the analysis sample,given that its multiple aging indexes and the development of social old-age service system and the degree of Population aging are in median level among nationwide capital cities.From the perspectives of demand and supply,the research focuses on four questions in Nanning,namely,“Who needs the social old-age service?","What kinds of social old-age service are needed?","Who provides the social old-age service?",and "How about the social old-age service provided?".This paper aims to provide specific solutions and advice for improving the social old-age service system in Nanning by analyzing the status quo and existing problems.Based on 917 effective questionnaires collected in Nanning,a contingency table is utilized in analyzing the will of the elderly about social old-age service and influencing factors.A regression model of binary logistic is established to make a quantitative research on such factors as age and self-care ability of daily living,given that these factors represent a significant correlation in chi-square test.It shows that the demand will of social old-age service is obviously correlated with 11 factors,such as the self-care ability of daily living,the aloneness,the elderly's income,offspring/childless,the cognition of social old-age service,and concepts of elderly support.As the result shows,the occurrence rate for the elderly without the self-care ability of daily living to choose social old-age service is 1.675 times that for the elderly with the complete self-care ability.It is an answer to the question "Who needs the social old-age service?" Then the elderly with the will of social old-age service are investigated to identify their preference for model.On account of publicity not in place and other factors,only 8.7%of the elderly choose the community service of home care for the elderly.Besides,their preference for contents is analyzed and the proportion of three items is respectively greater than 80%.The three items are "Join the elderly volunteer service","Transform barrier-free facilities",and "Preferential treatment for the elderly".It is a reply to elderly people with social service needs that"What kinds of social old-age service are needed?".In addition,the affordability of the elderly with the will of social old-age service is analyzed in order to discuss the ability of transforming the will to the realistic demand.Based on one-to-one interviews with interests-related personnel involved in social old-age service and first-handdata collected from questionnaires on the supply of 49 nursing institutions and 10 day care centres in community for the aged in Nanning,this paper discusses;"Who provides the social old-age service?" and "How about the social old-age service provided?" from different aspects,such as the related regulation and policy supply on social old-age service in Nanning,and the social old-age service supply's main framework,contents,utilization and fund supply.As the result shows,the related systems continue to be perfected,various projects of service supply are gradually improved,and the fund support system is relatively well.However,existing problems are obvious:the social old-age service supply does not take into full consideration the elderly's demand;the aggregate supply is insufficient;the use ratio is low;and other structural contradictions coexist.Based on experience from developed countries and the theory of "Service Chain",measures should be taken to continue the;"demand-oriented" service supply,establish the seamless connection system on supply and demand,set up the process and effect tracing mechanism with service evaluation as a point of strength,and enhance the team construction of old-age service.All efforts aim to establish a high-efficient and sustainable social old-age service system where demand and supply are matching to each other both in total quantity and structure.