| The theme of this research is the establishment mechanism of social publicity in countryside in the perspective of differentiation and integration.In 1949,The People's Republic of China was founded officially,government started the building of political power,and then state power began to enter farmers' production and life.In the 1980's,with the disintegration of the system of the people's communes,governmental power withdrew from direct control of rural area and farmers in form,however,farmers can still constantly sense the existence of state power in daily production and life due to the enhancement of governmental redistribution of resources.When meeting foreign friends in November of 1979,Deng Xiaoping proposed:"Market economy cannot be defined only as capitalism....Socialism can also utilize market economy".Since the 1980s,Chinese government has been pushing forward the reform from planned economy to market economy,and market gradually becomes a very significant means of social resource distribution.Instead of merely following the safety production logic of"self-sufficiency",farmers hope earnestly to develop and become rich by partaking in market exchange.Therefore,when we analyze the action of farmers in social transformation period,influences of government and market are also vital variables besides the restraint of traditional social structure,and political and market structures also constitute the restraint,which jointly form the order norm in rural social production and life..In the background of modernization and marketization,Chinese farmers are no longer those in traditional sense,and traditional closed rural society has turned into a village combining openness and mobility.So the establishment of publicity becomes the key issues concerning modern countryside and farmers.This dissertation,based on the theory of social integration,constructs a triangle framework of "government-market-society",and takes Ju Village running orange business as research case to investigate the issue of the development and construction of rural social publicity since the establishment of new China.Firstly,rural society is an interpersonal network of concentric-circle pattern,in which "Guanxi" is the bond integrating individuals into collective.Farmers frequently solve the problem of labor shortage by exchanging labor or hiring hands in the production process,which is based on blood and geographical relationship.They also associate with each other in wedding or funeral by giving gifts,which favors reciprocity.Reciprocity is the main purpose of mutual contacts,and everyone fabricates a large security network,from which they can acquire such social supports as labor,money,information and stuff at any moment.Secondly,in the view of publicity construction of rural society integrated by market,market system is a social structure of hierarchical type,and "profit" is the bond integrating individuals into market system.Farmers have broken through small-scale peasants' self-sufficiency living mode thanks to the development of industry and participation in social division of labor,and they have constituted organic unity with external society.Farmers are one special link in the system of social division of labor,and the achievement of their individual interests is built on the realization of others'interests.When pursuing their own interests,individuals shall also consider public and others' interests,while interpersonal relationship and authoritarian structure's involvement in market activities can effectively adjust the interests among different market participants or groups and successfully avoid the uncertainty in market transactions.Last,from the angle of publicity construction of rural society integrated by government,political structure is one social structure of bureaucracy,and "power" is the bond integrating individuals into administrative organization.Under the rule of legal principle in modern society,power,as binder of unity,has multiple outward manifestations.It can be outward formalistic institutional arrangements formed by various laws and regulations,which specify the running order in the field of politics,economy,society,and so on;it is also embodied as the acquirement and redistribution of the nation's public property,and offers public service and security assurance to all the people;it is further reflected as such value guidance and pursuit for the realization of all the people's interests as patriotism,protection of environment,etc.The findings of this research are as follows:From the angle of paradigm shifts in the process of rural production,under the system of the people's commune,collective social construction is purely"government-run" publicity.After land being allotted to households,construction,in the era of individualization,is a "new publicity" under the balanced interaction of"government-market-society".From the angle of internal construction mechanism of rural social publicity,government abides by the logic of bureaucracy based on governing,society follows the logic of cooperation based on mutual benefits,and market keeps to the logic of exchange based on division of labor.From the angle of internal unity bond of rural society integration,power and interests extensively enter into the relationship network of the differential pattern of rural society,and "relationship+interests+power"have become the recombination bond reconstituting unity in rural society.From the angle of practical dilemma of publicity construction in rural society,such things as government's unbalanced and instable distribution of public resources,the administrative alienation by the organization of village self-governance,the undercrowding resulted by labor drain,etc.lead to the challenge towards the construction of social publicity in rural society,which requires us to break through the institutional obstacle of urban-rural dualism and take multiple measures to promote the growth of publicity in rural society.From the angle of comparison,to the villages on the development road to individualization,the exhaustion of collective resources is the crucial reason to restrict its endogenous growth of publicity,which requires the establishment of interests' connection between individual farmers and village collective to rebuild village collective economy for the purpose of continuous resource support for the endogenous construction of publicity in rural society.Based on the preceding analysis,this dissertation stresses as follows:First,under the background of transition from traditional agricultural society to modern society,social differentiation takes place universally,therefore,only through pluralistic integration of rural society and rebuilding of unity can we accelerate publicity construction in rural society.Second,market is not doomed to fail to solve the problem of farmers' existence and development.The development experience in Orange Village can be the reference and example for the industrial development and supply-side reform in the countryside.Third,the system barrier of the dual structure in urban and rural economy shall be abolished in order to make the individuals divorced from rural society reenter the structure of urban society and to finally strike a new dynamic balance of population and resource distribution between urban and rural areas.Fourth,government shall expedite more impartial distribution of social resources among different groups by redistribution system,continuously offer public resources to improve public infrastructure construction,and boost the level of social public service for farmers in the field of education,medical care,old-age service,etc.and gradually reduceurban-rural disparity of public supply. |
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