A Study Of The Characteristics Of Governance Structure In Tibetan Area

A saying that "Governing a state shall first govern its frontier,governing the frontier shall govern the Tibetan area" is put forward by Chairman Xi Jinping,which highlights the importance of governing Tibetan area.As we know,regional governance plays an important role in state governance,Tibetan area,as a region of China,should got more attention.However,there are some characteristics in regional governance.In order to get better regional governance,we should try to find out these characteristics and conclude the regulations.Tibetan area has its particular economic and culture structure,which leads to a specific governance structure.For that,the way to govern this area should be different from governing a state,as well as governing other regions.In order to analyze the differences,we will use empirical approach and literature analysis and take Garze Tibetan area as the case.Here is the general research finding.The path to govern Tibetan area should not be the "governance without government" that is the proposition of governance theory.Hence,governance with government and civil society that emphasize the strong act of government will be the suitable way.An analytical framework named "Background-Element-Action" is set to represent the governance background that shaped by history and geographic situation,governance elements that contain subject and object governance structure,the actions of governments that influenced by the governance background and elements.Through this new analytical framework,a view that government’s strong act are essential and necessary in governance of Garze Tibetan area will be proved.Here are the concrete research findings.First of all,there are two main factors in governance background of Garze Tibetan area.By describing these two factors,we can find the essential of government’s strong act.Government cannot continue its loose management which means we should rethink regional historical governance is one of the factors.In Chinese history,central government made some loose management,which caused its power became weaker and weaker while Tusi was rising.Therefore,government’s strong act is necessary in new times.The other factor is the location of this region can be concluded as region of multilateral ties,which needs us to review the importance of regional location.We can conclude that Garze Tibetan area is a traffic channel where ties to Sichuan,Yunnan,Qinghai provinces and Tibet;a political hub from which keep solidarity with Sichuan province while make connection with Tibetan area;a economic belt that communicate with all directions;a geographic intersection where contains multiple nations and culture.Secondly,Garze Tibetan area has tough governance circumstances that result from the combination of intertwined vulnerabilities,high risk and complex contradictions,which indicate the signifcance of government’s strong act.Comparison with developed area in China,intertwined vulnerabilities that include natural vulnerability,economic vulnerability and social vulnerability have an effect on individual,family,community and society level of governance circumstances.Besides,intertwined vulnerabilities stem from various risks which contain livelihood risk and social stability livelihood.Livelihood risk causes the poor of farmer and herdsmen.As a result,a relative deprivation will have a serious impact on their social identity,which causes them are easy to be utilized by the force of secession.Meanwhile,intertwined vulnerabilities and various risks lead to the complex contradictions,which is more significant and easier to have a variation than mainland in China.Thirdly,the subject structure of Tibetan area can be constructed as "Government plus Individual",which is different from the subject structure of mainland in China that can be describes as "Government plus Social organization plus Individual”.The concept the "foreign subject" will be used to explain the ideal type of governance in Tibetan area that in need of support of governments of all levels,local society and foreign society.But in reality,there are barely social organizations take part in the governance,the main subjects are government of all levels that take more responsibility and farmers and herdsmen who participate governance as self-organizations.Fourth,complex content is the outstanding feature of governance of Tibetan area.From the macro perspective,we can find that the inherited and development of culture,adjustment of social standard and social behavior,correction of individual’s psychology and belief all need government’s control.Otherwise,from the middle perspective,government have to take strong act due to the fact that environmental governance intertwine with social governance while poor governance tally with community governance.Taking villages as micro perspective,we can prove that governments need to supply a large number of public goods so that community resources will increase and lack of internal stress will be solved.Lastly,the actions that took by the government fit in the governance circumstances in Garze Tibetan area.In general,governments focus on the improvement of farmers and herdsmen’s production and living conditions.Specifically,governments supply a plenty of public goods to improve their livelihood;combine management with service to relieve contradictions;improve the manner and institution of working to reduce tense between government and citizens;respect and guide them to express their willing.All those measures achieve good results.In conclusion,regional governance is a significant part of state governance,which in need of emphasizing the regional,national and culture characteristics.To conclude the regulations of governance of region is to study further in the research of regional governance theory,which is also crucial to the study of governance of modern state.Therefore,the improvement of regional governance theory should be discussed from macro and micro perspectives,which means we should get new material from both the reflection of history and criticism of reality.In Tibetan area,the way to govern suits its special governance background,governance circumstance and governance structure.